Type 1 Diabetes Monitoring

Question 1

risk factors for diabetes

Answer 1

ethnicity 
family history 
obesity 
-sedentary lifestyle 
-energy dense diets 
deprivation

Question 2

what advice to give people with a moderate risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 2

brief intervention on benefits of a healthy lifestyle and modifying risk factors

Question 3

what advice to give people with a high risk of type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

intensive intervention to increase physical activity, achieve and maintain weight loss, increase dietary fibre intake, reduce fat and saturated fat intake

Question 4

what guidelines should diabetes weight loss follow

Answer 4

SIGN 115 Management of obesity guidelines

Question 5

what type of diabetes benefits from lifestyle changes

Answer 5

ALL types

Question 6

what are the short term and long term goals of medical nutrition therapy

Answer 6

Self management

• optimise BG control
• healthy body weight
• optimise lipid profile and blood pressure

Long term
-ensure lifestyle decreases risk of macro/microvascular complications

Question 7

what are the main nutritional considerations for type 1 diabetes

Answer 7

consistency and timing of meals and CHO

timing of insulin

monitoring blood glucose regularly

Question 8

what are the main nutritional considerations for type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

weight loss
smaller meals and snacks
physical activity
monitoring blood glucose and medication

Question 9

what is the primary nutritional strategy in T2D

Answer 9

weight management

Question 10

what are some challenges to weight loss and maintenance in T2DM

Answer 10

medication can induce weight gain

extra kcal consumed to treat hypo

Question 11

What is the main nutritional consideration for glycemic control in T1DM

Answer 11

carbohydrates

adjusting insulin to carb intake can be very beneficial
consistence quantities of carbs day today are beneficial for those on fixed insulin regimens

Question 12

how do you do carb counting

Answer 12

record food/drink, BG and activity over day

calculate grams CHO

monitor/make adjustments

Question 13

who can use carb counting

Answer 13

suitable for type 1 using basal bolus insulin

multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump

Question 14

how to treat early stages of a hypo

Answer 14

15-20g of rapidly absorbed carbohydrate

-glucose tablets/sugary drink

Question 15

causes of hypo

Answer 15

missed/delayed meal 
increased physical activity 
too much insulin 
alcohol (esp on empty stomach) 
tight control (little reserves for unexpected vented)

Question 16

how to reduce risk of hypo

Answer 16

carry emergency supply of CHO and diabetic ID
Check BG frequently (esp. before bed)
Never consume alcohol on an empty stomach
beware that stress/exercise.illness can affect BG levels

Question 17

what are the risks of alcohol for diabetics

Answer 17

hidden calories
increased risk of some cancers, hypertension, liver disease

hypoglycaemia esp, if no foot (alcohol increases insulin activity)

Question 18

what is the glycemic index

Answer 18

rate at which food makes BG rise