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Anesthesiology > Reptile, Small Mammal, and Zoo Animal Anesthesia > Flashcards

Reptile, Small Mammal, and Zoo Animal Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What is allometry?

A

The study of the relationship of body size to shape, anatomy, physiology, and behavior

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2
Q

True or False: reptiles are tolerant of mild hypoxemia

A

True

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3
Q

What kind of animals are reptiles in terms of thermal regulation?

A

Ecothermic

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4
Q

What do the internal temperatures of reptiles depend on?

A

Environemental temps

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5
Q

What is the rule of thumb for maintaining the temperature of reptiles?

A

Keep room temp warm

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6
Q

What is the renal portal system in reptiles?

A

Venous blood from pelvic limbs goes through the kidneys

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7
Q

What is the renal portal system controlled by?

A

Portal valves

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8
Q

What is the problem with epinephrine use in reptiles?

A

Opens valves and blood will bypass kidneys which may lead to under dosing and contribute to renal toxicity

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9
Q

How many chambers are in the heart of a reptile?

A

3, but 4 in a croc

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10
Q

True or false: reptiles have fast HRs

A

False, they are slow

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11
Q

What is unique about the respiratory system of reptiles?

A

No epiglottis, no diaphragm

Crocs: long soft palate, overlaps gular fold and protects airway underwater

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12
Q

True or false: some snakes gave one lung

A

True

Boas, pythons have 2 lungs

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13
Q

True or false: snakes have a slow RR and breath holding is not unusual

A

True

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14
Q

What should be done in preparation for anesthetizing a reptile?

A

Warm room
Fasting:
lizards, turtles 12-24 hours
Snakes up to 72 hours

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15
Q

What can be the problem with mask induction for reptiles?

A

It is feasible, but it can be slow because of breath holding

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16
Q

What is the issue with injectable drugs in reptiles?

A

Renal-portal drug elimination (same as birds)

17
Q

What are injection sites for injectable drugs in reptiles?

A

IM is common

IV: tail, ventral abdominal, jugular vein

18
Q

What type of premeds are usually necessary in turtles?

A

IM- extend head and neck from shell

19
Q

What is common as premed in reptiles?

A

Ketamine combos

20
Q

What is used in healthy reptiles for premed?

A

Ketamine + dexmedetomidine

21
Q

What is used in sick reptiles for premed?

A

Ketamine + butorphanol + midazolam

22
Q

What is used for anesthetic maintenance in reptiles?

A

Intubate if possible with uncuffed ET tube

Mask otherwise with iso or sevo

23
Q

What should be done to a reptile if apneic?

A

Ventilate 1-2 times per minute

24
Q

How can you check anesthetic depth in a reptile?

A

Cloacal tone, toe pinch, tail pinch

25
Q

What is the recovery from anesthesia like in reptiles?

A

Slow

Recover tail to head

26
Q

How can you prepare for anesthesia in small mammals?

A

Minimal handling if easily stressed
Minimal fasting
Try to weigh

27
Q

True or false: recovery will be quick in small mammals if high dosages of anesthetic drugs are used

A

False, recovery will take a long time

28
Q

What can cause you to easily overdose in small mammals?

A

If you use inhalants together with high dosages of injectables

29
Q

What is the safest anesthetic drugs for small mammals?

A

Low dose injectables combined with inhalants

30
Q

What is the injectable combination used in small mammals?

A

Ketamine + midazolam +/- butorphanol or buprenorphine

31
Q

What do you have to be careful of in the airways of small mammals?

A

Mucus plugs

32
Q

What can be used for analgesia in small mammals?

A

Opioids, NSAIDs

33
Q

True or false: use manage ferrets like small cats

A

True

34
Q

What is used for induction and maintenance of small rodents?

A

Inhalant via mask

35
Q

What is required to examine zoo animals?

A

Chemical immobilization

36
Q

When are physical and laboratory parameters taken in zoo animals?

A

After drugs are given

37
Q

What are popular drug combinations used in zoo animals?

A

Dissociative combinations

38
Q

True or false: telazol can be used in tigers

A

False

39
Q

What is needed if using an inhalant in zoo animals?

A

Large animal anesthesia machine

Anesthesiology (27 decks)

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