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Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of bones

A 
Support
Protection
House blood-producing cells
Store inorganic salts
Provide points of attachment
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2
Q

Compact bone

A

Tightly packed tissue

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3
Q

Spongy bone

A

Cancellous bone with thin layers of numerous branching bony plates

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4
Q

Long bone

A

Longer that the width, shaft with head at both ends contain mostly compact bone ex: femur humerus

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5
Q

Short bone

A

Cube shaped contains mostly spongy bone ex: carpals tarsals

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6
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Short bone within a joint or tendon

Ex: patella (kneecap) hands and feet

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7
Q

Flat bone

A

Thin flattened and usually curved 2 thin layers of compact bone surrounded lll a layer of spongy bone ex: skull ribs sternum

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8
Q

Irregular bone

A

Irregular shape does not fit in other bone classification ex: vertebrae hip bone

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9
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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10
Q

Canaliculi

A

Small channels that radiate out out to the lacuna

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11
Q

Lacuna

A

Tiny cavities that house mature cells

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12
Q

Central canal

A

Runs down the middle of the osteon

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13
Q

Perforating canal

A

Connects the central canal

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14
Q

Lamella

A

Concentric circles of the lacunae

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15
Q

Osteon

A

Complex of the central canal and matrix rings

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16
Q

What are the 2 main types of bone marrow

A
  • Red marrow: RBC and WBC, platelets forming mostly in infants
  • Yellow marrow: stores fat not active in blood cell formation found in adults
17
Q

What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line

A
  • Epiphyseal plate: growth plate, plate of the hyaline cartilage, found in young growing bones
  • Epiphyseal line: remnant of the epiphyseal plate found in adult bones
18
Q

What are 2 types of bone formation

A
  • Intramembranous: develop from layers of connective tissue, that lie outside the developing bone giving rise to the periosteum
  • Endochondral: first develops as hyaline cartilage then replaced by bone the periosteum develops outside
19
Q

What are the functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts

A
  • Osteoblasts: build bony matrix around themselves forming spongy bone in all directions within layers of connective tissue (rebuild bone)
  • Osteoclasts: breakdown the calcified extracellular matrix (breakdown bone)
20
Q

What is the function of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

A
  • Parathyroid hormone: increases calcium

- Calcitonin: reduces calcium

21
Q

What are the types of fractures

A
  • Greenstick-incomplete break on convex surface of the bend in bone
  • Compression- incomplete longitudinal break
  • Spiral-excessive twisting of bone
  • Comminuted-complete and fragmented
  • Transverse-complete and break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone
  • Oblique- at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone
  • Compound-open fracture, penetrating through the skin
  • Simple- closed fracture, does not penetrate skin
22
Q

What are the 4 stages of healing

A

Hematoma
Fibrocartilage callus
Bony callus
Regeneration

23
Q

What are the 6 different joints

A
  • Synarthrotic: immovable
  • Amphiarthrotic: slightly movable
  • Diarthrotic: freely movable
  • Fibrous joint: generally immovable
  • Cartilageous joint: immovable or slightly movable
  • Synoval joint: freely movable
24
Q

What the the four features of all synovial joints

A
  • Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the end of the bones
  • A fibrous articular capsule enclosed joint surfaces
  • A joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid
  • Ligaments reinforces the joint
25
Q

Structures found in synovial joints

A
  • Bursae:flattened fibrous sacs
  • Tendon Sheath:elongated bursae that wraps around the tendon
  • Meniscus: pads of fibro cartilage acts as shock absorber
26
Q

What are the 6 classifications of Synovial joints

A 
Ball and Socket
Condylar
Gliding/ plane 
Pivot 
Hinge
Saddle
27
Q

What are the 2 types of Arthritis

A
  • Osteo Arthritis- normal age process

* Rheumatoid Arthritis- Auto inmune decease attacks the joints often leads to deformities

28
Q

Flexión

A

Decrease the angle of the joint brings 2 bones closer together typical of a hinge joint

29
Q

Extensión

A

Increase angle between 2-3 bones

30
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis common in ball and socket

31
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of limb away from midline

32
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of limb towards midline

33
Q

Circumduction

A

Combination of flexión extension abduction and adduction common in ball and socket joint

34
Q

Dorsiflex

A

Lifting the foot so that the superior surface approaches the shin

35
Q

Plantar Flexión

A

Depressing the foot (pointing toes)

36
Q

Inversión

A

Turn the sole of foot medially

37
Q

Eversión

A

Turn the sole of foot laterally

38
Q

Supination

A

Forearm rotates medially so Palm faces posteriorly

39
Q

Opposition

A

Move thumb to touch tips of other fingers on some hand

Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 (13 decks)

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