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Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue and where are they found

A

Smooth muscle: lacks striations and appears smooth

Skeletal muscle: has striations

Cardiac muscle: only found in the heart branching striated cells

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2
Q

The function of muscles

A

Provides all movement

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3
Q

Order of muscle layers

A 
Myofilament
Sacromere
Myofibril
Fiber
Fascicles
Body
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4
Q

Difference between tendon and apponeurosis

A

Tendon: Cordlike fibers
Apponeurosis: connective tissue fibrous sheets

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5
Q

Sacromere

A

striations of skeletal muscle from a repeating pattern of unit

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6
Q

Sacroplasmic Reticular

A

membranous channels that surround each myofibril and run parallel to it

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7
Q

Sacrolemma

A

cell membrane

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8
Q

Sacroplasma

A

Cytoplasma contains thread like myofibrils

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9
Q

T-tubule

A

Transverse tubules set of membranous channels

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10
Q

A-band

A

Myosis molecule

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11
Q

Neuromuscular Junction Process

A
  1. Nerve signal reaches the neuromuscular junction
    2 .Acetylcholine is released into the Synaptic cleft
  2. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the sacrolemma
    4.Action potential travels down then surface of the muscle
  3. Sacroplasmic Reticulum releases calcium
  4. Clacium causes troponin and tropomyosin to move and expose the myosin binding sites
  5. Myosin heads bind to Actin
  6. Myosin heads change shape and pull actin filaments closer together shortening the sacromere
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12
Q

Role of Acetylcholine Sterase

A

Binds to specific protein molecules in the muscle fiber membrane, increasing membrane permeability to sodium ions when released

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13
Q

Role of Creatine Phosphate in energy production of muscles cells

A

Catalyzes the synthesis of creatine phosphate which stores excess energy in its phosphate bonds

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14
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis

A

Breaks down glucose WITHOUT oxygen broken down to pyruvic Acid to produce some ATP Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid which accumulates in muscles and stored in the liver

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15
Q

Aerobic Glycolysis

A

Oxygen is present and is broken down to carbon monoxide water releasing energy CONTINUOUS oxygen

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16
Q

How is myoglobin involved in energy production of muscles cells

A

Myoglobin can combine loosely with oxygen, temporarily store oxygen increasing amount of O2 available in muscle cell to support aerobic respiration

17
Q

What is meant by Oxygen Debt

A

Lactic Acid accumulation in the muscle fiber

18
Q

Common cause of muscle fatigue and how is it resolved

A

O2 must be replaced to tissue to remove O2 deficient O2 is required to get rid of accumulated lactid acid in muscle and liver

19
Q

What is meant by “ All or None”in reference to muscle contraction

A

They do not contract partially

20
Q

Origin

A

Attachment to an immovable boe

21
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment to a movable bone some muscles have more than one insertion

22
Q

Prime Mover

A

(Agonist) muscle doing the majority of the work for certain movements

23
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

24
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that contracts and assists the prime mover

25
Q

Threshold Stimulus

A

Isolated muscle is exposed to a series of stimuli of increasing strength

26
Q

Twitch

A

Contractile response of a single muscle fiber to a single impulse

27
Q

Myogram

A

Velocity and intensity of a contraction, number of muscles being stimulated

28
Q

Latent Period

A

Time from when the stimulus is received ans the muscle begins to contract

29
Q

Period of Contraction

A

When the muscle is actively contracting

30
Q

Period of Relaxation

A

When muscle is relaxing

31
Q

Summation

A

A contraction immediately followed by another, muscle does not fully return to a resting state in between contractions

32
Q

Tetanic Contraction

A

No relaxation between contractions

33
Q

Recruitment

A

An increase in the number of activated motor units within a muscle at higher intensities of stimulation, muscle is contracting at max tension

Anatomy & Physiology Bio 160 (13 decks)

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