Edocrine System

Question 1

Name some of the bodily processes that hormones help control

Answer 1

• Reproductive
• Growth and development
• Mobilization of body defenses

Question 2

What are the chemical classifications of hormones

Answer 2

Steroids

non-steroid

Question 3

Below are 2 mechanisms by which hormones act on target cells, Give a brief explanation of each one,
Direct Gene Action:
Second-Messenger System

Answer 3

Direct gene Action:

• diffuse through plasma membrane of target cells
• enter the nucleus
• bind to specific siteson the cells DNA

Question 4

Describe the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

Answer 4

Hypothalamus regulates the Anterior pituitary glands release of hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones

Question 5

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 5

Growth H.-growth inn skeletal muscle and long bones
Prolactin-stimulates milk production
TSH-stimulates thyroid gland
ACTH- regulates endocrine activity of Adrenal cortex
FSH-stimulates ovaries and testes
LH- Stimulates ovulation and spermagenesis

Question 6

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 6

OT- Stimulates contractions of uterus

ADH-promotes retention if water by kidneys

Question 7

Thyroid Gland

Answer 7

Calcitonin-reduces blood calcium levels

Thyroxine- stimulates metabolism

Question 8

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 8

Parathyroid Hormone-raises blood calcium levels

Question 9

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 9

Aldosterone- regulates water and electrolytes
Cortisol- Helps keep glucose levels normal
Sex hormones-male sex hormones are made but some estrogens are also made

Question 10

Pancreas

Answer 10

Glucagon-Raises blood glucose

Insulin-decreases blood glucose

Question 11

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 11

Epinepherine-Raises blood glucose level increase rate

Norepinepherine- of metabolism constricts certain blood vessels

Question 12

Thymus Gland

Answer 12

Thymosin- matures some types of WBC develops immune system

Question 13

Pineal Gland

Answer 13

Meltonin- involved in night and day cycles

Question 14

Ovaries

Answer 14

Estrogen-stimulates secondary female characteristics, matures female reproductive organs,promotes breast development and regulates menstrual cycle
Progesterone- Helps with embryo implantation in the uterus

Question 15

Testes

Answer 15

Testosterone- responsible for male characteristics. requires for sperm cell production

Question 16

Steroid Hormone process in a cell

Answer 16

1. steroid enters cell membrane
2. Hormone combines with protein receptor in nucleus
3. Hormone Receptor Complex activates synthesis of specific messenger RNA molecules
4. mRNA molecules leave nucleus and enter cytoplasma
5. Translation of mRNA molecules leads to synthesis of the encoded proteins which are associated with hormones action

Question 17

Autocrine

Answer 17

Secretions which Affect only the secreting cell itself

Question 18

Paracrine

Answer 18

Secretions which affect neighboring cells