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Microbiology > 7.4 Agents of Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections > Flashcards

7.4 Agents of Bacterial Gastrointestinal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Important cause of food poisoning

A

S. aureus

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2
Q

S. aureus can produce ____, ____ or _____

A

Enterotoxins
Leukotoxins
Toxic shock syndrome toxin

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3
Q

More recently studies as a cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

Etiologic agent of the acute febrile gastroenteritis that caused an outbreak due to contaminated chocolate milk

A

L. monocytogenes

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5
Q

Linked to chocolate milk, lunch meats, unpasteurized cheeses

A

L. monocytogenes

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6
Q

Agent that causes watery diarrhea and fever accompanied by myalgias, arthralgias, headache, fatigue or sleepiness (febrile gastroenteritis)

A

L. monocytogenes

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7
Q

Treatment of invasive L. monocytogenes infection

A

Ampicillin

Penicillin G

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8
Q

Important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired diarrhea
Production of enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B

A

C. difficile

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9
Q

Agent that causes watery or rarely bloody diarrhea, lower abdominal cramping, fever and leukocytosis

A

C. difficile

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10
Q

Screening for C. difficile infection

A

Glutamate dehydrogenase Ag&raquo_space; confirm for toxin A and B with EIA or PCR

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11
Q

Treatment of mild to moderate C. difficile infection

A

Metronidazole (250 mg QID or 500 mg TID)

Vancomycin (125 mg QID for 10-14 days)

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12
Q

Cause illness by enterotoxin prodcution or adherence to the brush border causing effacement of cells

A

E. coli

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13
Q

Agent that causes illness with typical presentation of nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever followed by severe abdominal pain and diarrhea

A

E. coli

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14
Q

Major cause of traveler’s diarrhea

A

ETEC, EAEC

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15
Q

Important cause bacterial diarrhea in children and chronic diarrhea in persons with HIV

A

EAEC

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16
Q

Increasingly a cause of foodborne illness

A

ETEC

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17
Q

Cause of diarrhea in children less than 2 years old

A

DAEC

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18
Q

Uncommon but may cause severe dehydration or malnutrition especially in chronic infections

A

EPEC

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19
Q

E. coli treatment

A

Rehydration therapy
Fluroquinolones
TMP-SMX
Azithromycin or rifaximin for traveler’s diarrhea

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20
Q

Principal cause of traveler’s diarrhea and spread via contaminated food or water

A

ETEC

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21
Q

Virulence factor of ETEC that binds the bacteria to the enterocytes in the SI

A

Fimbrial adhesins

22
Q

Lack ST and LT toxins but use intimin to bind host intestinal cells

A

EPEC

23
Q

They have the fimbriae which aggregate tissue culture cells
Noninvasive
Produce hemolysin and ST enterotoxin

A

EAEC

24
Q

Noninvasive but produces two toxins: Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2

A

STEC

25
Q

Invades the epithelium and produces a self-limited watery diarrhea or dysentery

A

EIEC

26
Q

EIEC illness is mild and can be treated with ____ or ____

A

FQ

Azithromycin

27
Q

E. coli O157 strain often localizes to the ____ and the illness may be mistaken for ____

A

Right colon;

Ischemic colitis, intussusepcion, inflammatory bowel disease

28
Q

Most dreaded complication of E. coli infection that may lead to renal failure, seizure and death (STEC)

A

TTP-HUS

29
Q

Highly contagious, requiring only less than 100 organisms

Humans are only natural host

A

Shigella spp

30
Q

Virulence factor of Shigella spp

A

Enterotoxins

31
Q

Agent that causes 2-day prodrome of constitutional symptoms and secretory diarrhea, followed by diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps and tenesmus

A

Shigella spp

32
Q

Shigella colitis predominantly involves the ___ and ____

A

Left colon

Rectum

33
Q

Treatment of Shigella infection

A

ORT

TMP-SMX, FQ, azithromycin, 2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporin, rifaximin

34
Q

Invasive organism that produces an inflammatory response which can lead to edema, mucosal bleeding, formaiton of microabscesses and ulcerations

A

Campylobacter spp

35
Q

Campylobacterosis is primarily foodborne illness with ___ being the leading source of infection
Contaminated milk, eggs, water

A

Poultry

36
Q

Campylobacterosis complication

A

Inflammatory bowel disease
Reactive arthritis
Guillain-Barre syndrome

37
Q

Treatment of campylobacterosis

A

Macrolides, FQ

38
Q

Treatment of salmonellosis with severe symptoms and with systemic involvement

A

FQ, ceftriaxone, azithromycin

39
Q 
Nonspecific symptoms (fever, chills)
Right lower quadrant pain with diarrhea and rose spots
A

Typhoid fever

40
Q

Typhoid fever complications

A

Encephalopathy, meningitis, seizures, endocarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia, cholecystitis

41
Q

Salmonella early diagnosis specimen

A

Blood

42
Q

Salmonella late diagnosis specimen

A

Stool

43
Q

Treatment of salmonella infection

A

FQ

44
Q

Ingestion of contaminated milk products or prok

A

Yersinia spp.

45
Q

Common cause of acute colitis with abdominal pain (RLQ), fever, and diarrhea which may be bloody
Mimic appendicitis, Crohn’s disease

A

Yersinia spp.

46
Q

Antibiotics for yersinia infection

A

FQ, TMP-SMX or doxycycline + aminioglycoside

47
Q

Causes epidemics of dehydrating diarrhea affecting all ages

A

Vibrio cholerae

48
Q

Cholera is associated with ingestion of ____

A

Undercooked seafood

49
Q

Vibrio cholerae colonizes the ____, and causes diarrhea by stimulating ____

A

Upper small intestine;

cAMP-mediated chloride secretion

50
Q

Cholera oral vaccines

A

WC-rBS and BivWC

51
Q

Cause small outbreaks usually associated with undercooked shellfish
Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk

A

Non-cholera Vibrio spp.

52
Q

Treatment for severe non-cholera vibirio

A

Tetracycline, azithromycin, FQ

Microbiology (4 decks)

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