7.4 Lecture & Osmosis Flashcards
What are functions of microtubules?
They assist in moving substances within the cell.
They also make up centrioles which function during cell division.
How do chemical processes happen in the cytoplasm?
In eukaryotic cells, they do chemical processes within organelles in the cytoplasm.
In prokaryotic cells, the chemical processes happen directly in the cytoplasm.
What is the purpose of a nucleus?
The nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA which determines the cells, growth, function, and reproduction. The nucleus is surrounded by a double-membrane called the nuclear envelope.
What are ribosomes?
They are organelles that manufacture proteins. They are not membrane bound like other organelles. They are produced in the nucleolus.
What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and what are the 2 types?
The (ER) is a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnects channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis.
Smooth(ER)- Hormones and Lipids
Rough(ER)- Proteins.
Where are proteins packed?
They are packed into sacs called vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane and release the proteins into the environment.
What are functions of a vacuole?
Vacuoles temporarily store food, enzymes, or waste.
They are mostly found in plant cells.
What do lysosomes do?
They contain substances that digest used or worn-out organelles and food particles. They also digest the bacteria or viruses that invade the cell.
Why is a mitochondria important?
They convert fuel particles into usable energy.
They have an outer membrane and highly folded inner membrane that functions as an area for breaking the bonds in sugar molecules.
What are both in plant and animal cells?
Nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, smooth and rough (ER), ribosomes, golgi apparatus, and microtubules.
What are in plant cells?
Chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole, and mitochondria. They also have 1 large vacuole.
What are in animal cells?
Centriole, lysosomes, and some cilias, and flagellas. They also have a few small vacuoles.
What is osmosis?
It is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. The water is the solvent. It keeps moving until the concentration of solute is the same on both sides.
What are types of passive transport?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion.
What is active transport?
It is the movement of particles across the cell membrane, going against concentration rate, and requires energy.
This occurs with transport proteins often called pumps.
