Final Study Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a Karyotype?
A micrograph of homo chromosomes that arranged in decreasing sizes.
If a plant cell completes the cell cycle in 24 hours, how many total cells will be produced in after five days? (Mitosis)
32
Which of the following accurately describes the effects of carcinogens?
Carcinogens lead to damage to genetic material, which may lead to uncontrolled cell division.
Explain how the lack of cyclins would affect the cell cycle?
This would lead to uncontrollable cell division.
What is flagella and cilia?
Cilia is short and has hairs around it and moves like oars in a rowboat.
Flagella is longer and moves like a whip-like motion.
Both are made of microtubules.
The cancer drug “Vinblastine” interferes with synthesis of microtubules. In mitosis, this would interfere with what?
Spindle formation
What happens as a cell continues to grow?
- As a cell grows, it may have more difficultly supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.
- A cell’s ratio of surface area to volume will decrease.
- As a cell grows, its volume increases more rapidly than its surface area.
Relaxed, uncoiled form of DNA?
Chromatin
Highly coiled strand of DNA?
Chromosome
Which describe the effects on a cell in a hypertonic solution?
- Animal cells in a hypertonic solution will shrivel.
- The net movement of water is out of the cell.
The movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient that requires energy is called?
Active Transport
How do active and passive transport help a cell respond to changes in the environment?
By moving materials across the cell membrane.
Together, the different types of transport allow a cell to interact with its environment while maintaining, what?
Homeostasis.
The functions of proteins in the plasma membrane include?
- Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane anchor the plasma membrane to the cell’s internal support structure, giving the cell its shape.
- Proteins span the entire membrane and create tunnels through which certain substances enter and leave the cell.
- When found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, proteins called receptors transmit signals to the inside of the cell.
Carbohydrates attached to proteins, also known as ____, stick out from the plasma membrane to define the cell’s characteristics and help cells identify chemical signals.
They are glycoproteins.
What does the Iris Diaphragm do?
It regulates the amount of light.
What explains a difference between the cells of prokaryotes and the cells of eukaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells lack these features.
Organisms that are either unicellular or multicellular?
Eukaryotic cells.
Organisms that are generally unicellular
Prokaryotic cells.
What is homeostasis and what is an example?
It is the balancing of an organisms body.
An example is the plasma membrane which controls what enters and leaved the cells and how much.
What is a Phospholipid Bilayer?
2 Layers of phospholipid that allow the membrane to survive in watery environments.
