Other

Question 1

cANCA

Answer 1

Most common target serine proteinase 3
Some correlation with levels and disease activity
Wegner’s granulomatosis>90%
Microscopic polyangitis 40%

Question 2

pANCA

Answer 2

Most common target myeloperoxidase (MPO)
Cannot use to monitor disease activity
Churg Strauss +ve 60%
Microscopic polyangitis 50-75%
Wegner’s 25%

IBD (UC>Crohns)
Connective tissue disorders: RA, SLE,Sjorgrens
AI hepatitis

Question 3

Rheumatoid factor

Answer 3

Circulating antibody usually IgM- reacts with Fc portion of patients own IgG
- detected by rose waaler test (sheep red agglutination) or latex agglutination test (less specific)

RA (70-80% positive) . High titre levels associated with severe progressive disease

Sjorgren and Feltys 100% 
Infective endocarditis 50%
SLE 20-30
Systemic sclerosis 30%
General population 5% 
Rarely TB, HBV, EBV, leprosy

Question 4

Nitric oxide

Answer 4

Vasodilation

Inhibits platelet aggregation

Question 5

Altitude disorders

Answer 5

Acute mountain sickness -> high altitude pulmonary edema or cerebral edema
Due to chronic hypobaric hypoxia

Usually self limiting, above 2500m . Headache, nausea, fatigue

Acetazamide prevention - carbonic anhydride inhibitor

Question 6

Warfarin clotting factors

Answer 6

2, 7, 9, 10