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Mrcp > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Myoglobin

A

First to rise 1-2 hrs
Peak 6-8hrs
Normal at 1-2days

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2
Q

Ck-MB

A

2-6hrs
Peak 16-20
Normalised 2-3days

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3
Q

CK

A

4-8hrs
Peak 16-24hrs
Normaised 3-4days

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4
Q

Trop T

A

4-6hrs
Peak 12-24
Normalised 7-10days

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5
Q

AST

A

12-24hra
Peak 36-48
Normalised 3-4data

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6
Q

LDH

A

24-48hrs
Peak 72hrs
Normalised 8-10 days

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7
Q

Thin filaments

A

Troponin
Tropomyosin
Actin

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8
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin

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9
Q

Atrial conduction

A

1m/s

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10
Q

AV node conduction

A

0.05m/s

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11
Q

Ventricular conduction

A

Large diameter Purkinje fibres 2-4m/s

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12
Q

Quincke’s sign

A

AR

Nail bed fluctuations

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13
Q

Corrigan’s pulse

A

AR
Water hammer pulse
Collapsing radial pulse

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14
Q

Corrigan’s sign

A

Visible carotid pulsation

AR

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15
Q

De Musset’s sign

A

AR

Head nodding with each systole

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16
Q

Duroziez’s sign

A

AR moderate severity

Audible femoral bruits with diastolic flow

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17
Q

Traube’s sign

A

AR

Pistol shot femorals

18
Q

Austin Flint murmur

A

AR

Functional mitral diastolic flow murmur

19
Q

Argyll Robertson pupils

A

Syphilis

Assoc with AR and syphylitic aortitis

20
Q

Muller’s sign

A

AR

Pulsatation of the uvula

21
Q

Mitral stenosis

A 
Rheumatic fever
Two thirds female
Mid diastolic
Opening snap
LLP
Radiates to Scilla
22
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

MV prolapse, LV dilatation, post Mi, rheumatic fever, connective tissue disorder
Blowing PSM
LLP
Axilla

23
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Triad: angina, dysponea and syncope

Severe: gradients >60mmHg and valve area <0.5cm2

Bicuspid valve, degenerative calcification, rheumatic fever

24
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A 
5% 
More common females
Chest pains/palpitations/fatigue/asx 
Acid mucopolysaccharide deposit
Myxomatosis degeneration

Click Increased by squatting, murmur by standing

Risks; emboli, rupture, dysrhytmias with prolonged QT,cardiac neurosis, sudden death

25
Q

Machinery murmur

A

PDA

Pulmonary trunk -> descending aorta

26
Q

Graham Steels murmur

A

Pulmonary regurg

Causes: severe MS, Eisenmenger syndrome

27
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A 
Pulmonary stenosis 
RV hypertrophy
VSD
Overriding of the aorta
25% rusher sided aortic knuckle
28
Q

Pansystolic murmur

A

MR

VSD

29
Q

CHADSVAS

A 
Score for anticoagulant in AF
Congestive HF
HTN
Age >75 2, 65-74 1
Diabetes
Vascular disease
Female

Oral anticoag if 2+

30
Q

HASBLED

A

Anticoagulant in AF

HTN
Abnormal liver function 
Abnormal renal function
Stroke
Bleeding
Labour LFTS
Elderly
Drugs 
Alcohol
31
Q

Adenosine

A

Used in SVT - transient heart block at AV node
Agonist A1 receptor which inhibits adenyl Cyclades reducing cAMP causing hyperparization by outwards potassium flux
Enhanced by dipyridamole
Reduced by aminophylline

DEAR
Avoid in asthmatics

32
Q

Catecholamine polymorphic VT

A

AD inherited
Commonly defect in Ryan I’d INR receptor RYR2 in sarcoplasmic reticulum

Exercise or emotion induced -> syncope

Symptoms <20yrs

Tx: b blockers, ICD

33
Q

Methyldola

A

Centrally acting

Anti hypertensive used in pregnancy

34
Q

Moxonidine

A

Centrally acting

Used if conventional tx failed

35
Q

Clonidine

A

Centrally acting anti-HTN

Stimulates alpha2 adrenoreceptors in vasomotor centre

36
Q

MUGA scan

A

Multi gated acquisition scan
Nuclear imaging
Measure LV function

Use in cardio toxics

37
Q

GRACE score

A

NSTEMI 6 month mortality
<1.5% aspirin

1.5-3 aspirin and clopidogrel, OP imaging

3-6 and 6-9 and >9% glycoprotein inhib and angiography <96hrs

38
Q

Aspirin

A

Anti platelet

Inhibits production of thromboxane A2

39
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Anti platelet

Inhibits ADP binding to platelet receptor

40
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Activates antithrombin 3

Potentiates inhibition of coag factor Xa

41
Q

Bivirudin

A

Reversible direct thrombin inhibitor

42
Q

Rheumatic fever

A

Group A strep

Duckett Jones criteria, 2 maj or 1maj/1minor

Major: carditis, polyarthritis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules, chorea

Minor: fever, arthralgia, prv RHD, high ESR and CRP, prolonged PR interval

Mrcp (22 decks)

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