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Boards Pharmacology 1 > General Pharm 1 > Flashcards

General Pharm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that work on bacterial 30s subunit work by stopping….

A

protein synthesis

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2
Q

Examples of drug classes inhibiting the 30s subunit

A

aminoglycosides

tetracyclines

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3
Q

Drugs that work on bacterial 50s subunit work by stopping…..

A

protein synthesis

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4
Q

Examples of drugs that inhibit 50s subunit

A

chloramphenicol
macrolides- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
clindamycin, lincomycin

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5
Q

Drugs to treat MRSA

A

Bactrim
Clindamycin
Doxycycline

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6
Q

Antibiotics to be taken on an empty stomach

A

Penicillin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline

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7
Q

Antibiotics contraindicated during pregnancy

A

Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines

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8
Q

Antibiotics to be used during pregnancy

A

Penicillin
Azithromycin
Cephalosporins

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9
Q

SE most common for antibiotics

A

GI effects

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10
Q

Bacitracin MOA and Use

A

Gram +
inhibits peptidoglycan
blepharitis

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11
Q

Polysporin Components

A

Bacitracin + Polymyxin B

Gram +/-

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12
Q

Components of Neosporin

A

Bacitracin + Polymyxin B + Neomycin
Gram +/-
more SE

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13
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

inhibit transpeptidase

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14
Q

Examples of Penicillin

A

amoxicillin

dicloxacillin

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15
Q

Amoxicillin

Use

A

more gram -/ +
combined with clavulonic acid to be resistant to penicillinase- Augmentin
hordeolum, preseptal cellulitis

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16
Q

Dicloxacillin

Use

A

Gram +
resistant to penicillinase
hordeola, preseptal cellulitis

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17
Q

DOC for methicillin sensitive Staph infections

MSSA

A

Dicloxacillin

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18
Q

SE of Penicillins

A

hypersensitivity reactions
Stephens Johnson Syndrome- amoxicillin
safe in pregnancy

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19
Q

Pts allergic to penicillins can also be allergic to…..

A

cephalosporins

beta lactam ring- 6- ceph; 5- pen

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20
Q

MOA of Cephalosporins

A

inhibit transpeptidase

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21
Q

Examples of Cephalosporins

A

Cephalexin (Keflex) 1st

Ceftriaxone 3rd

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22
Q

Cephalexin

Keflex

A

1st gen- Gram +

dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis, preseptal cellulitis

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23
Q

Cephtriaxone Use

A

3rd gen- Gram +/-

gonorrhea conjunctivitis, orbital cellulitis

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24
Q

SE of Cephalosporins

A

hypersensitivity

alters absorption of Vit K- blood thinning

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25
Q

Cephalosporins are contraindicated if Pt is taking…..

A

blood thinners

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26
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

stop protein synthesis by binding 30s

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27
Q

Examples of Aminoglycosides

A

gentamycin

tobramycin

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28
Q

Indications for Aminoglycosides

A

Gram -/+

with fortified cefazolin for sight threatening corneal ulcers

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29
Q

Tobradex components and use

A

tobramycin + dexamethasone

staph marginal keratitis, corneal infiltrates

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30
Q

SE of Aminoglycosides

A

SPK

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31
Q

MOA of Tetracyclines

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding 30s

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32
Q

Examples of Tetracyclines

A

tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

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33
Q

Doxycycline use

A

meibomianitis, acne rosacea
chlamydia
RCE

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34
Q

Contraindications for Tetracyclines

A

renal failure- except Doycycline

pregnancy, children

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35
Q

SE for Tetracyclines

A

pseudotumor cerebri
bone growth retardation
teeth discoloration
blue sclera/ conjunctival pigmented cysts- minocycline

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36
Q

Examples of 50s blockers

A

chloramphenicol
macrolides- erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
lincomycin, clindamycin

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37
Q

Chloramphenicol SE

A

aplastic anemia- death

optic neuritis

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38
Q

Oral Azithromycin

A

chlamydial conjunctivitis- single 1g dose

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39
Q

Topical Azithromycin Use

A

bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharitis

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40
Q

Topical Erythromycin Use

A

prophylaxis for gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum

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41
Q

Azithromycin and Contacts

A

topical Azasite has BAK- discontinue CL wear

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42
Q

Clindamycin Use

A

Methicillin resistant Staph aureus

MRSA

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43
Q

Sulfonamide MOA

A

inhibit dihydropteroate synthase- first step of folic acid synthesis

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44
Q

Sulfonamide Examples

A

sulfa-

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45
Q

Sulfadiazine Use

A

w/ pyrimethamine for toxoplasmosis

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46
Q

SE of Sulfonamides

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome
myopic shift
kernicterus in infants- no pregnancy

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47
Q

Bactrim components and use

A

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

MRSA

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48
Q

Trimethoprim MOA

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase- second step of folic acid synthesis

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49
Q

Pyrimethamine MOA

A

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase- second step of folic acid synthesis

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50
Q

Trimethoprim can be used to make….

A

+ sulfamethoxazole = Bactrim

+ Polymixin B = Polytrim

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51
Q

Pyrimethamine Use

A

ocular toxoplasmosis

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52
Q

MOA of Fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase 4

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53
Q

Examples of Fluoroquinolones

A

2nd- ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
3rd- levofloxacin
4th- gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, besifloxacin

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54
Q

SE of Oral Trimethoprim/ Pyrimethamine

A

bone marrow suppression- Aplastic anemia

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55
Q

Fluoroquinolone Gram +/- scale

A

2nd more -

4 more +/-

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56
Q

Fluoroquinolone Use

A

CL related ulcers
corneal abrasions
bacterial conjunctivitis

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57
Q

Oral Fluoroquinolone SE

A

tendinitis

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58
Q

Contraindications for Oral Fluoroquinolones

A

pregnant

under 18

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59
Q

Topical Fluoroquinolones can all be used at age 1 except…..

A

levofloxacin

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60
Q

Ciproflaxacin Use

A

UTIs

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61
Q

Moxifloxacin Use

A

pseumonia, sinusitis, intra-abdominal and skin infections

62
Q

Meds for Tuberculosis

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide (no)
Ethambutol

63
Q

TB drugs used in isolation

A

Rifampin

Isoniazid

64
Q

Latent vs Active TB infection management

A

L- 1

A- 2-3

65
Q

Rifampin MOA

A

binds to RNA polymerase to prevent RNA synthesis

66
Q

SE of Rifampin

A

Hepatotoxicity

orange/ pink tears and urine

67
Q

Isoniazid MOA

A

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis- stops cell wall synthesis

68
Q

Isoniazid SE

A

hepatotoxicity
Vit B6 deficiency
optic neuritis

69
Q

Ethambutol MOA

A

inhibits arabinosyl transferase- stops cell wall synthesis

70
Q

SE of Ethambutol

A

retrobulbar and bilateral optic neuritis

71
Q

Oseltamivir MOA

Tamiflu

A

inhibits neuraminidase

72
Q

SE of Oseltamivir

Tamiflu

A

Conjunctivitis (very rare)

73
Q 
Zidovudine Use
(Retrovir)
A

HIV

74
Q 
Zidovudine MOA
(Retrovir)
A

inhibits reverse transcriptase- no DNA

75
Q

SE of Zidovudine

Retrovir

A

bone marrow suppression

amblyopia and macular edema

76
Q

Ribivirin MOA

A

inhibits viral RNA polymerase

77
Q

Ribivirin Use

A

Hep C

78
Q

SE of Ribivirin

RIBAViriN

A 
conjunctivitis
RD
Ischemia- CWS
Bleeding- retinal hemes
A and V occlusion
optic Neuritis
79
Q

Ribivirin is normally combined with….

A

Interferon

80
Q

Herpes drugs MOA

A

inhibit DNA Polymerase

81
Q

Trifluridine Use and MOA

Viroptic

A

herpes simplex keratitis

inhibit DNA Polymerase

82
Q

Preservative used in Trifluridine (Viroptic)

A

Thimerosol

83
Q

Use for Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir

A

cold sores, genital sores, shingles
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
prophylaxis and tx for HSV keratitis

84
Q

Contraindications for
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir

A

elderly or immunocompromised

renal and liver disease

85
Q

MOA of
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir

A

Inh DNA Polymerase

86
Q

Ganciclovir (Zirgan) vs Trifluridine (Viroptic)

A

BAK- less corneal toxicity than thimerosol

5x a day dose vs 8x

87
Q

Ganciclovir Use

Zirgan

A

CMV retinitis

HSV keratitis

88
Q

Ganciclovir MOA

Zirgan

A

Inhibit DNA polymerase

89
Q

Foscarnet Use

A

backup to ganciclovir for CMV retinitis or to acyclovir for HSV

90
Q

Natamycin MOA

A

binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane

91
Q

Natamycin Use

A

fungal blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis

only FDA topical antifungal

92
Q

Amphotericin B MOA

A

binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane

93
Q

Amphotericin B Use

A 
fungal keratitis (topical)
systemic and intraocular fungal infections (IV)
94
Q

IV Amphotericin B SE

A

nephrotoxicity

95
Q

Nystatin MOA

A

binds to ergosterol and forms pores in fungal cell membrane

96
Q

Nystatin Use

A

Candida oral and vaginal infections

97
Q

Ketoconazole MOA
Fluconazole
Miconazole
(-Azole)

A

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

98
Q

Ketoconazole Use

A

oral for severe fungal corneal ulcers, systemic infections

acanthamoeba

99
Q

SE of Azoles

A

hepatotoxicity

100
Q

Griseofulvin MOA

A

inhibits fungal mitosis by stopping microtubule formation

101
Q

Griseofulvin Use

A

fungal infections of scalp, skin, nails

102
Q

Chloroquine MOA

A

build up of heme- toxic to plasmodium parasite

inhibits phospholipase A to decrease inflammation

103
Q

Chloroquine Use

A

malaria

lupus, RA

104
Q

SE of Chloroquine

A

RPE mottling-> bulls eye maculopathy- hyperpigmentation surrounded by depigmentation
whorl keratopathy

105
Q

Chloroquine causes bulls eye maculopathy by….

A

binding to melanin in RPE and causing damage and RPE shift to ONL and OPL

106
Q

Dosing Chloroquine

A

under 3mg/kg of ideal body weight or under 2.3 of real body weight

107
Q

Lindane Use

Kwell

A

lice and scabies

108
Q

SE of Lindane (Kwell)

A

conjunctivitis if gets in eyes

109
Q

Hydroxychloroquine MOA

A

inhibits phospholipase A2 and causes buildup of heme

110
Q

Hydroxychloroquine Use

A

lupus
RA
malaria

111
Q

SE of Hydroxychloroquine

A

whorl keratopathy

bulls eye maculopathy

112
Q

Dosing Hydroxychloroquine

A

under 400 mg/day or 5 mg/kg real body weight

113
Q

Steroid Examples

A
  • lone

- sone

114
Q

MOA of Steroids

A

inhibits Phospholipase A2

115
Q

SE of Steroids

A

insulin resistance, immune suppression, poor wound healing

PSC cataracts, glaucoma

116
Q

Steroids should be used with caution in…..

A

pregnancy
peptic ulcer disease
diabetes

117
Q

Hydrocortisone Use

A

adrenal insufficiency

118
Q

Triamcinolone Use

Kenalog

A

DME, Grave’s orbitopathy, post uveitis, chalazion, recalcitrant Irvine Gass, CME

119
Q

SE of Triamcinolone

A

elevated IOP

depigmentation of eyelid in dark skinned patients

120
Q

Fluticasone Use

Flonase

A

intranasal steroid for allergic rhinitis

121
Q

Aspirin MOA

A

salicylic acid that irreversibly blocks Cox1 and Cox2

122
Q

SE of Aspirin

A

GI effects
bleeding in the eye
Reye’s Syndrome in kids

123
Q

Indomethacin Use

A

NSAID for Gout

124
Q

Examples of reversible NSAIDs

A

indomethacin
ibuprofen (advil/ motrin)
naproxen
piroxicam

125
Q

Use of reversible NSAIDs

A

scleritis, episcleritis

126
Q

SE of NSAIDs

A

GI bleeding

fatal MI, stroke

127
Q

NSAID Contraindications

A

heart disease- aspirin instead

128
Q

SE of Indomethacin

A

pigmentary retinopathy

whorl keratopathy

129
Q

Misoprostol MOA and Use

A

synthetic prostaglandin E1- like PGE2

protects stomach lining- for NSAID ulcers

130
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

selective Cox2 inhibitor

protects gastric linings

131
Q

SE of Celecoxib

A

conjunctivitis, blurry vision, Stephens Johnson Syndrome

132
Q 
Pseudoephedrine MOA
(Sudafed)
A

nonspecific a and B receptor agonist

133
Q 
Pseudoephedrine Use
(Sudafed)
A

colds

making meth

134
Q

SE of Pseudoephedrine

Sudafed

A

diplopia and blurred vision

caution if have increased IOP (B2)

135
Q

Examples of 1st gen Antihistamines (H1 blockers)

A 
-Phen-
diphenhydramine
chlorpheniramine
brompheniramine
promethazine
136
Q

MOA of 1st gen Antihistamines

A

block H1 receptors

137
Q

Use of 1st gen Antihistamines

A

allergic skin reactions

138
Q

SE of 1st gen Antihistamines

A

mydriasis, dry eyes, dry mouth, tachycardia

drowsy- crosses BBB

139
Q

SE of Promethazine (Phenergan)

A

pigmentation of cornea, lens, and retina

140
Q

Examples of 2nd Gen Antihistamines

A

Loratadine (Claritin)
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

141
Q

Use of 2nd Gen Antihistamines

A

allergic rhinitis and chronic uticaria

142
Q

SE of Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A

oculogyric crisis- abnormal EOM contractions

143
Q

Examples of H2 Blockers

A

Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid)

144
Q

H2 blockers MOA

A

prevent histamine stimulation of gastric acid by blocking H2 on parietal cells

145
Q

H2 blocker Use

A

stomach ulcers and acid reflux

146
Q

SE of H2 blockers

A

gynecomastia and loss of libido

147
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor MOA

A

inhibit H+/K+ ATPase pumps

148
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor Examples

A

Omeprazole (Prilosec)
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
No Protons

149
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use

A

first line for peptic ulcer disease and GERD

150
Q

Sucralfate MOA

A

protects stomach lining by binding to + charged proteins and damaged ulcer tissue

151
Q

SE of Sucralfate

A

affects absorption- take 2 hours after other meds

Boards Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

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