Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Pharmacology 1 > Ocular Pharm > Flashcards

Ocular Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Solubility for Tear Lipid Layer

A

lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Solubility for Tear Aqueous Layer

A

water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Solubility for Tear Mucous Layer

A

lipid and water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solubility for Corneal Epithelium and Endothelium

A

lipid soluble (lipophilic/ hydrophobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Solubility for Corneal Stroma

A

water soluble (hydrophilic/ lipophobic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Best drugs to penetrate cornea

A

small, uncharged, lipid soluble

weak bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receptor on Iris Sphincter

A

M3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Receptor on Ciliary Muscle

A

M2, M3

B2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Receptor on Lacrimal Gland

A

M2, M3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Receptor on Iris Dilator

A

a1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Receptor on Trabecular Meshwork

A

B2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Receptor on NPCE

A

B2, B1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Receptor on CB vasculature

A

a2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

cholinergic agonist

CM pulls on SS to open TM- increase outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pilocarpine SE

A

browache, headache myopic shift- lens moves forward
RD
miosis
angle closure glaucoma- pupillary block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pilocarpine Use

A

LPI
1% for 3rd nerve palsy (will constrict)
0.125% for Adie’s (will constrict)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Edrophonium Use

A

Diagnose MG

aka Tensilon Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Edrophonium MOA

A

anticholinesterase inhibitor - indirect cholinergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neostigmine Use

A

MG treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neostigmine MOA

A

anticholinesterase inhibitor - indirect cholinergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Echothiophate Use

A

diagnosis and treatment of accommodative esotropia and rarely glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Echothiophate MOA

A

anticholinesterase inhibitor - indirect cholinergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pyridostigmine Use

A

MG treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pyridostigmine MOA

A

anticholinesterase inhibitor - indirect cholinergic agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Examples of Cholinergic Antagonists

A 
Atropine
Scopolamine
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamide
(Also order of potency)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Scopolamine Use

A

patch for motion sickness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Scopolamine MOA

A

blocks Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Scopolamine SE

A

CNS toxicity- penetrates BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cholinergic Agonist with fastest onset and shortest duration of mydriasis

A

Tropicamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Max effect time of Tropicamide

A

25 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Duration of Tropicamide

A

4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

SE of Tropicamide

A

SAFE AF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Tropicamide MOA

A

block Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Atropine MOA

A

blocks Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Atropine onset and duration

A

onset- 60-180 min

duration- 7-12 days of cyclo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Atropine Use

A

amplyopia penalization

uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Atropine contraindications

A

no with Down’s and elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist with fastest onset and shortest duration of cycloplegia

A

cyclopentolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Time of Max Effect of Cyclopentolate

A

45 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Cyclopentolate Use

A

cycloplegic refractions

uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cyclopentolate MOA

A

blocks Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Homatropine Use

A

primary for anterior uveitis- keeps iris mobile
reduces pain by paralyzing ciliary and sphincter muscles
constricts iris and CB vasculature to seal BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Homatropine MOA

A

blocks Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Cholinergic Antagonist Toxicity

A

Symp effects

hot as a hare, red as a beet, dry as a bone, mad as a hatter, blind as a bat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Botulina Toxin MOA

A

blocks release of Ach at neuromuscular junction- stops muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Botulina Toxin Use

A

blepharospasm

strabismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Phenylephrine MOA

A

Adrenergic agonist- a1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Phenylephrine Use

A

dilation without cycloplegia- does not give fixed dilated pupil
gives 2.5mm lid lift from activating Muller’s Muscle
differentiate scleritis from episcleritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Dose of Phenylephrine to break posterior synechiae

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Dose of Phenylephrine for diagnosing Horner’s Syndrome

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Contraindications for Phenylephrine

A

MOAI
TCAs
atropine
Grave’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Phenylephrine SE

A

cardiovascular effects- hypertensive crisis, cardiac arryhthmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Naphzoline
Tetrahydrazoline (Visine)
MOA

A

adrenergic agonist- more a than B

constricts conjunctival blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Naphzoline
Tetrahydrazoline (Visine)
SE

A

depress CNS

fixed dilated pupil (a1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan) MOA

A

adrenergic agonist- a2
lowers IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow and constricting CB vessels- less aqueous production
miosis to reduce glare postop LASIK/ PRK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Added anti-glaucoma benefit of Brimonidine (Alphagan)

A

neuroprotective properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan) SE

A 
follicular conjunctivitis (not likely in Alphagan P) (.1%)
dry mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Dosing Brimonidine (Alphagan)

A

TID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Brimonidine (Alphagan) Contraindications

A

MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Apraclonidine MOA

A

adrenergic agonist- a2 and some a1
lowers IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow and constricting CB vessels- less aqueous production
diagnosing Horner’s Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Apraclonidine Use

A

prevent IOP spikes before and after surgery

acute angle closure glaucoma

62
Q

Apraclonidine SE

A

not effective long term

greater allergic response long term

63
Q

Horner’s and Cocaine

A

will not dilate if has Horner’s

dilates normal eye

64
Q

Horner’s and Apraclonidine

A

dilates if has Horner’s

will not dilate normal

65
Q

Horner’s and Hydroxyamphetamine

A

dilates if preganglionic lesion

will not dilate if post

66
Q

Horner’s and Phenylephrine 1%

A

will not dilate if preganglionic lesion

dilates if postganglionic

67
Q

B blocker systemic SE

A

CNS depression
bradycardia
bronchoconstriction
ED

68
Q

Contraindications for B blockers

A

cardiovascular disorders

respiratory disorders

69
Q

Examples of B blockers

A

-olol

70
Q

MOA of B blockers

A

decrease aqueous production

71
Q

Only topical B1 selective B blocker

A

Betaxolol- spares lungs

72
Q

Timolol Dosing

A

every morning

73
Q

Timolol superpower

A

crossover effect- drop in one eye can effect both

74
Q

Downside to Timolol

A

long term drift- IOP slowly rises

short term escape- works for a week and then stops

75
Q

Timolol should be used cautiously in….

A

diabetics- masks hypoglycemia
hyperthyroidism- masks signs and symptoms
MG- made worse

76
Q

Cosopt

A

Timolol + Dorzolamide

77
Q

Combigan

A

Timolol + Brimonidine

78
Q

Carteolol Systemic Use

A

reduce nocturnal bradycardia

tiny cholesterol reduction

79
Q

B blocker with least SE

A

Carteolol

80
Q

Betaxolol Use

A

B1 selective- avoids lungs
possibly neuroprotective
worse at lowering IOP

81
Q

Levobunolol

Metipranolol

A

B blockers on the outline with nothing special about them
Levo similar effectiveness as timolol
meti no longer used because it sucks

82
Q

Allergies for CAIs

A

sulfa allergies

83
Q

Examples of Topical CAIs

A

Brinzolamide

Dorzolamide

84
Q

Oral CAIs

A

Acetazolamide

Methazolamide

85
Q

CAI MOA

A

inhibits carbonic anhydrase- stops flow of Cl and Na into posterior chamber- decrease aqueous production

86
Q

Acetazolamide Use

A

given with liquid for acute angle closure

87
Q

Oral CAI SE

A

metallic taste, tingling in extremities, metabolic acidosis, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis
myopic shift

88
Q

Contraindications for CAIs

A

severe COPD
pregnancy
sulfa allergy
liver and renal disease

89
Q

Fatal SE CAIs

A

aplastic anemia

bone marrow suppression

90
Q

First line treatment for POAG

A

prostaglandins

91
Q

Examples of Prostaglandins

A

-prost

92
Q

Prostaglandin MOA

A

act on PGFA2 in CB- causes reduction of collagen- decreased resistance to uveoscleral outflow

93
Q

Dosing Prostaglandins

A

bedtime

94
Q

Contraindications for Prostaglandins

A

CME
active inflammation
past HSV infections

95
Q

SE of Prostaglandins

A

iris heterochromia
extra lash growth and pigmentation
conjunctival hyperemia and pruritis- worst with Bimatoprost (Lumigan)

96
Q

MOA of Anesthetics

A

stop influx of Na- nerve cannot depolarize

97
Q

Use of epinephrine in injected anesthetics

A

constricts blood vessels to keep drug localized

98
Q

Examples of Amide Anesthetics

A

Lidocaine

99
Q

Examples of Esters Anesthetics

A

all topical anesthetics

100
Q

Characteristics of Amides

A

longer duration of action

metabolized by liver- less toxic

101
Q

Characteristics of Esters

A

shorter duration of action

metabolized locally

102
Q

Onset and Duration of Proparacaine and Benoxinate

A

15 sec onset

15 min duration

103
Q

Fluoress combo

A

fluorescein + benoxinate

104
Q

SE of Proparacaine and Benoxinate

A

corneal melt

105
Q

MOA of Emedastine

A

blocks H1 receptors

106
Q

Emedastine Use

A

mild allergic conjunctivitis

107
Q

Examples of Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Crolom
Alomide
Alamast
Alocril

108
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizer MOA

A

inhibiits degranulation of mast cells by preventing Ca influx

109
Q

Use of Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

chronic conditions- vernal conjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, chronic allergic conjunctivitis

110
Q

Mast Cell- Antihistamine Combo Examples

A 
Bepotastine (Bepreve)
Epinastine (Elestat)
Ketotifen (Zaditor)
Olopatadine .1% (Patanol)
Azelastine (Optivar)
Olopatadine .2% (Pataday)
BEZPOP
111
Q

Use of Mast Cell- Antihistamine Combos

A

long term management of itching/ conjunctivitis and relief of acute symptoms

112
Q

Steroid MOA

A

inhibits phospolipase A2

113
Q

Steroid SE

A

risk of secondary infections
PSC cataract
glaucoma- blocks TM (corneoscleral)

114
Q

Examples of Strong Steroids

A

Prednisolone Acetate
Rimexolone (Vexol)
Difluprednate (Durezol)
Dexamethasone

115
Q

Examples of Soft Steroids

A

Fluoromethalmone (FML)

Loteprednol (Lotemax)

116
Q

Steroid most likely to cause a steroid response

A

Difluprednate (Durezol)

117
Q

Steroid to be shaken

A

shake that ASSetate

Pred Acetate

118
Q

Examples of NSAIDs

A 
Diclofenac (Voltaren)
Ketorolac (Acular)
Nepafenac (Nevanec)
Bromfenac (Xibrom/ Bromday)
Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)
119
Q

NSAID MOA

A

block COX 1 and 2

120
Q

SE of Diclofenac (Voltaren)

A

corneal melt

121
Q

Dosing Diclofenac (Voltaren)

A

QID

122
Q

Dosing Ketorolac (Acular)

A

QID

123
Q

Dosing Nepafenac (Nevanac)

A

TID

124
Q

Dosing Bromfenac (Xibrom)

A

BID

125
Q

Dosing Bromfenac (Bromday)

A

QD

126
Q

Dosing Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)

A

1 drop every 30 min 2 hours before surgery

127
Q

Uses of NSAIDs

A

post op cataracts to decrease inflammation- CME

RCE, corneal abrasions, allergic conjunctivitis

128
Q

Only NSAID approved for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Ketorolac (Acular)

129
Q

Bromfenac (Xibrom) SE

A

has BAK and Sodium sulfite- sulfa allergy

130
Q

Fluorescein Use

A

evaluating tear film quality and epithelial defects

131
Q

Rose Bengal

A

stains dead and damaged cells

132
Q

Rose Bengal and Herpes Dendrites

A

borders stain- HSV

entire stain- HZV

133
Q

Fluorescein and Herpes Dendrites

A

stains well for HSV but not for HZV

134
Q

Stains that are anti-bacterial

A

Methylene Blue

135
Q

Stains that are anti-viral

A

lissamine green

rose bengal

136
Q

Lissamine Green

A

stains dead and damaged cells
used often for dry eye evals
stings less than Rose Bengal

137
Q

Methylene Blue

A

stains corneal nerves

138
Q

Pegaptanib (Macugen) MOA and Use

A

anti-VEGF for macular degeneration

139
Q

Ranibizumab (Lucentis) MOA

A

anti-VEGF

140
Q

Glycerine Use

A

acute angle closure

141
Q

Glycerine MOA

A

makes plasma hypertonic and sucks out fluid from anterior chamber to decrease IOP

142
Q

Glycerine SE

A

rapidly breaks down carbs to increase blood sugar- do not give to diabetics

143
Q

Alternate of Glycerine that is better suited for diabetics

A

Isosorbide

144
Q

Muro 128 Use

A

hyperosmotic for corneal edema

145
Q

Product in artificial tears that increases viscosity and contact time on eyeball

A

Methylcellulose (better)

Polyvinyl alcohol

146
Q

Examples of Artificial Tears

A

Optive
Systane
Refresh

147
Q

Examples of Tear Ointments

A

Celluvisc

Lacrilube

148
Q

Restasis MOA

A

inhibits T cell activation by stopping production of IL-2

149
Q

BAK

A

causes SPK

increases drug penetration

150
Q

Thimerosal

A

used in Trifluridine (Viroptic)

mercury toxicity

151
Q

EDTA

A

chelates Ca

primarily used for band keratopathy

Boards Pharmacology 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions