Calcium and vitamin D

Question 1

What are examples of calcium and vitamin D supplements?

Answer 1

• Calcium carbonate
• Calcium gluconate
• Colecalciferol
• Alfacalcidol

Question 2

When are calcium and vitamin D indicated for use?

Answer 2

• Osteoporosis
• CKD

Question 3

What metabolic problem is calcium used in?

Answer 3

Hyperkalaemia - stabilise the myocardium

Question 4

How does administering calcium improve osteoporosis?

Answer 4

Restoring positive calcium balance either by dietary means or by administering calcium and vitamin D may reduce the rate of bone loss

Question 5

Why do those with CKD require calcium supplementation?

Answer 5

Impaired phosphate excretion and reduced activation of vit D cause hyperphosphataemia and hypoclacaemia. This stimulates secondary hyperparathyroidism, which leads to a range of bone changes called renal osteodystrophy

Question 6

What role does calcium play in hyperkalaemia?

Answer 6

Calcium raises the myocardial threshold potential, reducing excitability and the risk of arrythmias

Question 7

What are important adverse effects of oral calcium?

Answer 7

Dyspepsia

Constipation

Question 8

What are examples of a combined vitamin D and calcium supplement?

Answer 8

• Adcal D3
• Alfacalcidol