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3rd year anatomy > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles extend the wrist

A

extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum

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2
Q

what are the attachments of the levator scapulae

A

transvers processes of C1-4

attaches to medial border of scapula

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3
Q

what are the actions of the biceps branchii

A

supinate forearm

flex arm at the elbow and shoulder

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4
Q

what is the function of the anterior fibres of the deltoid

A

flex arm at the shoulder

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5
Q

what is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

medial - ulnar nerve (pinky and ring finger)

lateral - median nerve (middle and index finger)

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6
Q

what are the attachments of the abductor pollicis longus

A

interosseous membrane

lateral base of thumb

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7
Q

what are the attachments of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior ulna/ interossuss membrane

to to proximal phalanx

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8
Q

what tendon runs through the inter tubercular groove on the humerus head

A

long head of biceps branchii

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9
Q

what is the action of pronator teres

A

pronate forearm

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10
Q

what is the innervation of the teres major

A

lower scapular nerve

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11
Q

what muscle attatches to the ulnar anteriorly and distally

A

pronator quadratus

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12
Q

what makes the proximal border of the anatomical snuff box

A

styloid process of the radius

can be palpated

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13
Q

how does the median nerve enter the hand

A

through the carpal tunnel

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14
Q

which strong ligaments aids in the movement of the clavicle

A

costoclavicular

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15
Q

what is the sensory function of the radial nerve

A

posterior forearm

dorsal surface of lateral 3 digits and associated palm area

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16
Q

what two muscles of the upper arm travel through the axilla to reach the coracoid process

A

biceps branchii

coracobrachialis

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17
Q

what is the most common type of radial fracture

A

collets fracture - fall onto outstretched hand causing fracture of distal radius - dinner fork deformity

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18
Q

what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint

A

synovial pivot - pronation, supination

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19
Q

what are the branches of the lateral cord

A

musculotcutaneous nerve
lateral pectoral nerve
lateral root of median nerve

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20
Q

what cord does the median nerve come from

A

medial and lateral - C6- T1

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21
Q

where does the lateral head of the triceps brachii originate

A

humerus, superior to radial groove

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22
Q

what is the action of extensor indices proprius

A

extend the index finger

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23
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the upper arm

A

biceps branchii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
triceps branchii

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24
Q

what 2 things articulate at the proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints - SPECIFIC

A

proximal - radial head + radial notch of ulna

distal - ulnar head + ulnar notch of radius

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25
Q

what cord does the ulnar nerve come from

A

medial (C8-T1)

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26
Q

what 2 muscles in the anterior forearm does the ulnar nerve supply (rest median)

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

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27
Q

does the capitulum of the humerus articulate with the radius or the ulnar?

A

head of radius

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28
Q

what is the innervation of the serrates anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

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29
Q

where does the radial (lateral) collateral ligament extend between

A

lateral epicondyle and blends with annular ligament of radioulnar joint

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30
Q

what is the innervation of the brachioradialis

A

radial nerve

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31
Q

what 2 muscles form the floor of the cubital fossa

A

brachialis and supinator

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32
Q

what are the attachments of extensor indicis proprius

A

posterior ulna/ interosseus membrane

to index finger

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33
Q

what 2 things form the trochlear notch on the ulna

A

olecranon

coronoid process

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34
Q

where does the brachial artery birfurcate

A

apex of cubital fossa

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35
Q

what muscles depress the scapula

A

trapezius
pectorals minor
lattisimus dorsi

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36
Q

what shape is the deltoid muscle

A

triangle

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37
Q

what are the attachments of extensor digitorum

A

lateral epicondyle

splits into 4 tendons of each finger (under extensor retinaculum)

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38
Q

what are the attachments of the adductor pollicis muscles

A

transverse - metacarpal III
oblique - capitate/ metacarpal II and III
base of proximal phalanx

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39
Q

what muscles extend the shoulder joint (upper limb back in saggital plane)

A

posterior deltoid
lattisimus dorsi
teres major

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40
Q

what is the innervation of the levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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41
Q

what are the roots of the middle trunk

A

C7

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42
Q

what muscles weakly assist in the pronation of the radioulnar joints

A

flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
brachioradialis

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43
Q

what 2 bones in the upper limb does the scapula articulate with

A

clavicle

humerus

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44
Q

what is the lateral border of the cubital fossa

A

medial border of brachoradialis

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45
Q

what level does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

A

lower border of teres major muscle

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46
Q

what is the innervation of biceps branchii

A

musculocutanous nerve

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47
Q

where does the infraspinatis muscle originate

A

infraspinous fossa - below spine of scapula

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48
Q

what arteries arise from the superficial/ deep palmar arches to supply the digits

A

common palmar digital arteries

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49
Q

where are the thenar muscles located

A

base of thumb

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50
Q

what passes through the transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis

A

radial artery

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51
Q

where are the pectoral group of lymph nodes

A

medial wall of axilla

receive from anterior thoracic wall including breast

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52
Q

what is the sensory function of the median nerve

A

lateral palm

lateral 3 1/2 fingertips on dorsal side

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53
Q

which area of the hand does the ulnar artery mainly supply

A

medial side of index finger and middle/ ring/ little finger

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54
Q

what nerve is contained in the carpal tunnel

A

median nerve

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55
Q

where can the brachial pulse be palpated

A

immediately medial to biceps tendon in the cubital fossa

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56
Q

what are the attatchments of flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle

base of metacarpal II and III

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57
Q

what is the sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

lateral cutaneous branch of the forearm

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58
Q

what forms the medial wall of the axilla

A

serrates anterior

thoracic wall

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59
Q

what are the attachments of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinatous fossa of the scapula

greater tubercle of the humerus

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60
Q

what are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
pronator teres

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61
Q

where does the long head of the triceps branchii attach

A

infraglenoid tubercle - inferior to glenoid fossa

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62
Q

what shape is the clavicle

A

S

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63
Q

what is the action of the subscapularis

A

medially rotates arm

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64
Q

what are the attachments of the rhomboid minor

A

spinous process of C7-T1

medial border of scapula

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65
Q

what is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

radial nerve

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66
Q

what is the innervation of the anconeus

A

radial nerve

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67
Q

what is the main route of exit from the axilla

A

inferior & lateral into upper limb

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68
Q

what nerve is most likely to be damaged in a humeral surgical neck fracture

A

axillary

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69
Q

what 3 of the rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

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70
Q

what nerve would a mid shaft fracture of the humerus damage

A

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

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71
Q

if the axillary nerve was damaged, what would the patent be unable to do

A

abduct the affected limb

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72
Q

what groove of the humerus does the radial nerve sit in

A

radial groove - lateral

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73
Q

what is the action of the teres minor

A

laterally rotates arm

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74
Q

What is the first branch of the brachial artery

A

profunda brachii - deep artery of arm

travels along posterior- supplies triceps

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75
Q

what are the nerve roots of the ulnar nerve

A

C8-T1 - medial cord

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76
Q

what is the innervation of extensor digitorum

A

radial nerve

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77
Q

what 3 muscles lies under the trapezius

A

rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
levator scpaulae

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78
Q

what is the sensory function of the ulnar nerve

A

medial 1/2 fingers and associated palm area

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79
Q

what is the name of the joint between the clavicle and the acromion

A

acromioclavicular

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80
Q

which is the largest and deepest of the thenar muscles

A

opponens pollicis

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81
Q

what part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle

A

acromion - projection from spine of scapula

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82
Q

what are the roots of the inferior trunk

A

C8-T1

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83
Q

what is the characteristic arm shape if the radial nerve is damaged

A 
wrist drop (unopposed flexion at wrist) 
all posterior muscles affected - unable to extend forearm, wrist and fingers
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84
Q

what muscles protract the scapula (forward movement)

A

levator scapulae

serratus anterior

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85
Q

what muscles extend the elbow joint

A

triceps branchii

anconeus

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86
Q

what is the action of the supinator

A

supinate the forearm

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87
Q

where do the axillary lymph nodes drain

A

upper limb

pectoral region

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88
Q

what cord does the radial nerve come from

A

posterior (C5-T1)

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89
Q

what nerve innervates the pec minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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90
Q

what group of ligaments forms the shoulder joint capsule and connects the humerus to the glenoid fossa

A

glenohumeral (superior, middle, inferior)

stabilise anterior aspect of joint

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91
Q

what is the name of the groove on the head of the humerus in between the lesser and greater tuberosity

A

inter tubercular groove

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92
Q

what is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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93
Q

what does the median nerve supply in the hand

A

thenar muscle group
lateral 2 lumbricals
sensory - palmar skin, dorsal nail beds of lateral 3 1/2 digits

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94
Q

what are the attachments of the deltoid muscle

A

lateral spine of scapula and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

attaches to deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus

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95
Q

what is the medial border of the anatomical snuff box

A

tendon of extensor pollicis longs

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96
Q

what joints pronate and supinate the forearm

A

radioulnar

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97
Q

what bursa is inflamed in student elbow

A

subcutaneous olecranon

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98
Q

what is the action of pronator quadratus

A

pronate forearm

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99
Q

what is the innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

radial nerve

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100
Q

what is different about the clavicular joints compared to most synovial joints

A

lined with fibrocartilage instead of hyaline

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101
Q

is the biceps branchii attached to the humerus

A

no

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102
Q

why is the shoulder joint inheritidly unstable

A

head of humerus bigger than glenoid fossa

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103
Q

what are the nerve roots of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C 5, 6, 7 - lateral cord

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104
Q

is the lesser tuberosity of the humerus seen on its anterior face or posterior face

A

anterior

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105
Q

what are the attachments of the teres major

A

posterior scapula to medial lip of inter tubercular groove of humerus

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106
Q

what epicondyle is inflamed in golfer’s elbow

A

medial epicondyle - common flexor

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107
Q

list the 8 carpal bones

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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108
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa

A

radial nerve
biceps tendon
brachial artery
median nerve

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109
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint

A

synovial pivot

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110
Q

what muscle is the main extensor of the fingers

A

extensor digitorum

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111
Q

what muscle does the brachial artery cross the cubital fossa under

A

brachialis

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112
Q

what are the 5 major branches of the brachial plexus

A 
musculocutaneous nerve
axillary nerve 
median nerve 
radial nerve 
ulnar nerve
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113
Q

what does the ulna articulate with distally

A

radius - radio-ulnar joint

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114
Q

what is the innervation of flexor carpi radials

A

median nerve

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115
Q

what are the attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial epicondyle

into wrist to pisiform carpal bone

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116
Q

what type of joint is the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge

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117
Q

what is the motor function of the median nerve

A

most flexor muscles in forearm, thenar eminence, lateral 2 lumbircals (index and middle finger)

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118
Q

what factors contribute to the motility of the shoulder joint

A

ball and socket synovial
shallow glenoid cavity and large humeral head (golf ball and tee)
laxity of joint capsule

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119
Q

what is the action of the trapezius

A

superior - elevate scapula
middle - retract scapula
inferior - pull scapula inferiory

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120
Q

where does 75% of lymph from the breast drain

A

axilla

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121
Q

which shoulder bursa is most commonly inflamed (impingement syndrome)

A

subacromial

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122
Q

what is the function of the lumbricals

A

link extensor tendons to flexor tendons

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123
Q

what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm

A

supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus/ brevis
extensor indicis

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124
Q

where does the median nerve travel in relation to the brachial artery

A

initially lateral then crosses to medial at the cubital fossa

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125
Q

which shoulder bursa communicated with the joint cavity

A

sub scapular

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126
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular

A

synovial plane

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127
Q

what is the action of flexor carpi radials

A

flex wrist

abduction of wrist

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128
Q

what is the innervation of the supinator

A

radial nerve

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129
Q

what is the supra scapular artery a branch of

A

subclavian

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130
Q

what muscles flex the elbow joint

A

brachialis
biceps branchii
brachioradilais

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131
Q

what are the attachments of the teres minor

A

posterior scapula to greater tubercle of humerus

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132
Q

what 2 things lie in the radial groove (posterior humerus)

A

radial nerve

profunda brachii artery

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133
Q

what is the most commonly fractured bone in the hand

A

scaphoid

high risk of avascular necrosis and osteoarthritis

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134
Q

what muscle does the fibres of aconeus blend with

A

triceps branchii

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135
Q

which bone is the olecranon part of

A

proximal ulna

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136
Q

what are the 3 muscles in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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137
Q

which of the 3 heads of the triceps is deepest

A

medial head

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138
Q

what muscles weakly assist in the supination of the radioulnar joints

A

extensor pollicis longus

extensor carpi radialis longus

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139
Q

what is the innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

median nerve

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140
Q

what is the characteristic position of Klumpkes palsy

A

ulnar claw

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141
Q

does the basilic vein ascend up the arm on the medial or lateral side

A

medial

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142
Q

what two things articulate in the sternoclavicular joint

A

manubrium of sternum

sternal end of clavicle

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143
Q

what things may enlarge the axillary lymph nodes

A

infection of upper limb (normally humeral)
infection of pectoral region/ breast
metastasis of breast cancer

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144
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

A

synovial ball and socket

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145
Q

what makes the floor of the anatomical snuff box

A

scaphoid and trapezium

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146
Q

what spinal segment does the triceps reflex test

A

C7

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147
Q

what 2 pronator muscles lie in there anterior forearm

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

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148
Q

what cord does the musculocutaneous nerve come from

A

lateral (C5 ,6, 7)

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149
Q

what are the attachments of the coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

medial humeral shaft at deltoid tubercle

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150
Q

what forms the apex of the axilla

A

lateral border of 1st rib
superior border of scapula
posterior border of clavicle

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151
Q

what is the name of the groove on the head of the humerus in between the lesser and greater tuberosity

A

inter tubercular groove

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152
Q

where does the axillary nerve leave the axilla

A

quadrangular space - posterior wall

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153
Q

what are the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

medial epicondyle + radius
middle phalanges of 4 fingers
(through carpal tunnel)

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154
Q

what bursa becomes inflamed with excessive flexion and extension of the elbow (assembly line)

A

subtendinous bursitis

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155
Q

what elbow bursa is located within the tendon of the triceps branchii

A

intratendinous bursa

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156
Q

what forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

tick connective tissue

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157
Q

what is the most superficial muscle in the pectoral region

A

pec major

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158
Q

where does the biceps branchii attach distally

A

biceps aponeurosis - radial tuberosity

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159
Q

where in the hand does the medial nerve supply sensory innervation

A

lateral 3 1/2 fingertips digits on the dorsum

associated palm area

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160
Q

what palsy occurs from trauma to the upper brachial plexus

A

Erb’s palsy

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161
Q

what are the 3 functions of the interosseous membrane

A
  • hold radius and ulna together during pronation and supination (stability)
  • site of attachment for muscles in the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm
  • transfers forces from the radius to the ulna
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162
Q

what muscles attach to the shaft of the humerus posteriorly

A

triceps medial and lateral head

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163
Q

what is the sensory function of the axillary nerve

A

lateral cutaneous brach of arm - regimental badge area

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164
Q

what is the 1st row of carpal bones

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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165
Q

where does the ulnar (medial) collateral ligament extend between

A

medial epicondyle to coronoid press and the olecranon of ulna

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166
Q

what palsy occurs from trauma to the lower brachial plexus

A

Klumpke

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167
Q

what is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

A

flexion of wrist and fingers

pronation of forearm

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168
Q

which area of the hand does the radial artery mainly supply

A

thumb and lateral side of index finger

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169
Q

where does the radial artery enter the hand

A

dorsal surface, crossing the anatomical snuffbox then turns medially to between the heads of adductor pollicis

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170
Q

what muscles extend and abduct/ adduct the wrist

A

extensor carpi ulnaris

extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

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171
Q

what are the nerve roots of the posterior cord

A

C5-T1

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172
Q

what fossa forms the shoulder joint with the head of the humerus

A

glenoid fossa of scapula

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173
Q

what are the attachments of the serious anterior

A

lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

costal surface of scapula

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174
Q

what joins the radius and ulnar together between the radioulnar joints

A

interosseous membrane - sheet of connective tissue

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175
Q

what are the nerve roots of the radial nerve

A

C5- T1 - posterior cord

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176
Q

where does extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus originate and attach

A

brevis - lateral epicondyle
longus - supracondylar ridge
both attach to metacarpal II and III

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177
Q

what is the muscle in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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178
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboid major

A

retracts and rotates scapula

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179
Q

what articulates in the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A

proximal - head of radius, radial notch of ulna

distal - ulnar notch of radius, ulnar head

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180
Q

what is the innervation of the deltoid muscle

A

axillary nerve

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181
Q

what are the actions of the lumbricals

A

flex at MCP joint

extend interphalangeal joints of each finger

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182
Q

what side of the cubital fossa doest he pronator teres form

A

medial border

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183
Q

where does the radius attach to the humerus

A

capitulum

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184
Q

what is the major joint that attaches the trunk to the upper limb

A

shoulder joint

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185
Q

what are the functions of the teres major

A

adducts shoulder

medially rotates arm

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186
Q

where does the right subclavian lymphatic trunk go

A

forms right lymphatic duct - enters right venous angle (junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins)

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187
Q

what are the functions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

adduction of wrist

extend wrist

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188
Q

what is the action of the opponens pollicis

A

opposes thumb by medially rotating and flexing the metacarpal on trapezium

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189
Q

what are the functions of the pec minor

A

stabilise scapula by drawing it down and forwards against the thoracic wall

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190
Q

what are the 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles

A 
deltoid
teres major
teres minor
subscapularis
infraspinatus 
supraspinatus
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191
Q

what is the 2nd (distal) row of carpal bones

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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192
Q

what is the motor function of the axillary nerve

A

teres minor and deltoid muscles

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193
Q

where is the superficial palmar arch in the hand

A

anterior to flexor tendons

deep to palmar aponeurosis

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194
Q

what 2 things are joined in the sternoclavicular joint

A

manubrium of sternum

sternal end of clavicle

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195
Q

what nerve innervates abductor pollicis brevis

A

median nerve

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196
Q

what are the functions of the pec major

A

adducts and medially rotates

draws scapula anteroinferiorly (depress scapula)

197
Q

what vein runs in the roof of the cubital fossa

A

median cubital vein

198
Q

how many dorsal and palmar interossei are there and why

A

4 dorsal

3 palmar - none on the middle finger - can’t adduct as in midline

199
Q

where does the triceps attach to distally

A

tendon attaches to olecranon process of ulna

200
Q

what are the main contents of the anatomical snuff box

A

radial artery
branch of radial nerve
cephalic vein

201
Q

what is the action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

202
Q

what are the 2 articulations in the elbow joint

A

trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

head of radius and capitulum of humerus

203
Q

what are the nerve roots of the lateral cord

A

C5, 6, 7

204
Q

what nerve passes through the 2 heads of the supinator

A

deep branch of radial nerve

205
Q

what nerve damage leads the the hand of benediction

A

median nerve - thenar eminence wasted, only little and ring finger can flex on fist

206
Q

what is the innervation of the supraspinatus

A

suprascapualr nerve

207
Q

what side of the humeral shaft is the deltoid tuberosity

A

lateral - attachment of deltoid

208
Q

what 3 muscles attach to the lips of the intertubercuar groove of the humeral head

A

pectorals major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
(lady between 2 majors)

209
Q

what spinal cord segment does the biceps tendon reflex test

A

C6

210
Q

what ligaments aid the acromioclavicular joint

A

acromioclavicular - covers joitn capsule

conoid/coracoclavicular - vertically from coracoid process to combed tubercle of clavicle, very strong

211
Q

what is the action of extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis

A

extend and abduct wrist

212
Q

what are the attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

lateral epicondyle

attatched to base of little finger

213
Q

what is the innervation of the triceps muscles

A

radial nerve

214
Q

what muscles adduct the shoulder joint

A

pectorals major
teres major
latissimus dorsi

215
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

216
Q

what is an extensor expansion

A

triangular tendinous aponeurosis that warps around the dorsum and sides of the metacarpal and base of proximal phalanx

217
Q

what cord does the axillary nerve come from

A

posterior - only C5.6

218
Q

what 2 things articulate in the acromioclavicular joint

A

lateral end of clavicle

acromion of scapula

219
Q

what are the actions of the supraspinatus

A

abducts the arm 0-15

assists deltoid in abduction 15-90

220
Q

what is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis

A

flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

221
Q

what muscles attach to the shaft of the humerus anteriorly

A

deltoid
brachialis
biceps branchii
coracobrachiaiis

222
Q

what are the divisions of the brachial plexus

A 
roots
trunks 
divisions
cords
branches
223
Q

what are the 5 main lymph groups of the axilla

A 
pectoral
subscapular
humeral (lateral)
central
apical - top
224
Q

what muscles share the same origin at the lateral epicondyle (extensor origin)

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi

225
Q

what is the function of the lymphatic system

A

drain tissue fluid, plasma proteins and other cellular debris back into blood stream

226
Q

what is the innervation of the teres minor

A

axillary nerve

227
Q

what vein connects the basilica and cephalic veins at the elbow

A

median cubital vein

228
Q

what are the actions of extensor digitorum

A

extends 4 fingers at MCP and IP joints

extends wrist

229
Q

what surface is the cubital fossa on

A

anterior surface of the elbow joint

230
Q

what is the innervation of the brachialis

A

musculocutanous nerve

231
Q

what is the action of the levator scapulae

A

elevate scapula

232
Q

what is the motor function of the ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
intrinsic muscles - hypothenar, medial 2 lumbircals, adducted polices, interossei and palmaris brevis

233
Q

where does the coraco-acromial ligament run between

A

acromion and coracoid process of scapula

forms coraco-acromial arch over the shoulder arch

234
Q

what are the nerve roots of the medial cord

A

C8-T1

235
Q

which is the most common type of shoulder joint dislocation

A

anterior - excessive extension and lateral rotation

236
Q

which is the most common carpal bone to fracture

A

scaphoid - tender anatomical snuffbox

237
Q

what set of muscles attach to the medial epicondyle

A

forearm flexors

238
Q

where do the deep lymph vessels terminate in the upper arm

A

axillary nodes

239
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertubercular groove of humerus

240
Q

what occurs in thoracic outlet syndrome

A

vessels and nerves becomes compressed between bones at the apex of axilla - between clavicle, 1st rib and scapula

241
Q

which muscles extend or abduct the thumb

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

242
Q

what are the attachments of the supinator

A

lateral epicondyle and ulna

insert onto radius

243
Q

what are the actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flex metacarpophalangeal joints
flex proximal interphalangeal joints of 4 fingers
flex wrist

244
Q

what are the branches of the medial cord

A 
median nerve
ulnar nerve
medial pectoral nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of arm 
medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
245
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the axilla

A

pectorals major and minor

246
Q

do any muscles act on the acromioclavicular joint

A

no- all movement passive

degree of axial rotation

247
Q

where does the left subclavian lymphatic trunk go

A

directly into thoracic duct

248
Q

what is the innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

radial nerve

249
Q

does the radius or ulna pivot with movement of the radio-ulnar joint

A

radius pivots around the ulnar

250
Q

what does the brachial artery terminate into

A

ulnar and radial

251
Q

what muscle and nerve damage leads to winging of the scapula

A

serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

252
Q

what 3 carpal bones form the wrist joint

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquestrum

253
Q

what are the 2 functions of flexor capri ulnaris

A

flexion of wrist

adduction of wrist

254
Q

what type of join is the wrist joint (radoiocarpal)

A

synovial ellipsoid (condyloid)

255
Q

what nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel syndrome

A

median nerve

256
Q

describe the transition of the subclavian artery

A

subclavian > axillary > brachial > ulnar/ radial > superficial palmar arch/ deep palmar arch

257
Q

what are the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulna
distal phalanges of 4 fingers
(through carpal tunnel)

258
Q

what is an aneurysm

A

dilation of a blood vessel to more than twice its original size

259
Q

where are the apical group of lymph nodes

A

apex of axilla - close to artery and vein

receive from central axillary lymph nodes - all lymph

260
Q

what nerve innervates opponens pollicis

A

median nerve

261
Q

where is the anatomical snuff box found

A

lateral aspect of dorsal of hand

262
Q

where does the long head of the biceps branchi attach

A

supraglenoid tubercle - superior to glenoid fossa

263
Q

does the extensor pollicis longus or brevis have a larger muscle belly

A

longus

264
Q

what is the function of the middle fibres of the deltoid

A

abductor of arm - first 15 is supraspinatus

265
Q

which ligament holds the long head of the biceps in the inter tubercular groove

A

transverse humeral ligament - between greater and lesser tubercles

266
Q

what muscles flex the wrist

A

flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi radialis
flexor digitorum superficialis

267
Q

what are the 4 ligaments of the wrist joint (?)

A

ulnar collateral
radial collateral
dorsal radiocarpal
palmar radoiocarpal

268
Q

what is function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

extension of the wrist and fingers

269
Q

what side of the scapula does the supscapularis originate from

A

costal surface - subscapularis fossa

270
Q

what is the innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

median nerve

271
Q

what is the only connection between the axial skeleton and the upper limb

A

sternoclavicular joint

272
Q

where is the subacromial bursa

A

below deltoid and acromion, above the supraspinatus tendon and joint capsule

273
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint

A

synovial plane

274
Q

what muscle attaches to the radial tuberosity

A

biceps branchii

275
Q

what level does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

lateral border of 1st rib

276
Q

what 4 muscles are found in the pectoral region of the body

A

pec major
pec minor
serratus anterior
subclavius

277
Q

where does the basilic vein become the axillary vein

A

combines with brachial veins at the border of tears major

278
Q

what are the names of the veins that connect the superficial and deep venous drainage in the arm

A

perforating veins

279
Q

how many phalanges are there

A

each finger has 3

thumb has 2 (14)

280
Q

what is different about the thumb to the rest of the fingers

A

only distal and proximal phalanges

fingers have intermediate phalange

281
Q

what deepens the glenohumeral joint to increase stabiltu

A

glenoid labrum - fibrocartilage rim

282
Q

which vein in the upper arm is commonly used for venipuncture

A

median cubital

connects basilic and cephalic

283
Q

is the conoid process of the clavicle near the sternal end or the acromial end

A

acromial

284
Q

what are the actions of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb

flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

285
Q

what is the action of palmaris longus

A

flexion at wrist

286
Q

what is the motor function of the radial nerve

A

triceps branchii

extensor muscles in posterior forearm

287
Q

where does the short head of the biceps branchii attach

A

coracoid process of scapula

288
Q

what muscles flex the shoulder joint (upper limb forward)

A

anterior deltoid
pectorals major
coracobrachialis
biceps branchii

289
Q

where is the sub scapular bursa

A

between subscapularis tendon and scapula

290
Q

what muscles attach to the extensor expansion

A

lumbricals
extensor indicis
dorsal and palmar interossei

291
Q

what are the 2 anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries called

A

superficial palmar arch

deep palmar arch

292
Q

what nerve innervates the palmar interossei

A

ulnar nerve

293
Q

how many metacarpal bones are there in each hand

A

5

294
Q

what is volkmann’s ischaemic contracture

A

uncontrolled flexion of the hand - flexors muscles fibrotic and short
interference with brachial artery

295
Q

what is the function of the posterior fibres of the deltoid

A

extend arm at the shoulder

296
Q

does flexor pollicis longus lie laterally or medially to flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral

297
Q

what does the proximal end of the ulna articulate with

A

trochlea of humerus

298
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the axilla

A

scapularis
teres major
lattisimus dorsi

299
Q

where is the hypothenar eminence

A

base of little finger

300
Q

what muscle is the most powerful supinator of the forearm

A

biceps branchii

301
Q

what are the 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the upper arm

A

biceps branchii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

302
Q

what muscles the adduct wrist

A

extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi ulnaris
(ulnar deviation)

303
Q

what normally happens to the radius when the ulnar is broken

A

also fracture/ dislocate (like a ring)

304
Q

what does the axillary artery continue as and where

A

brachial artery

inferior border of trees major

305
Q

what is the action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends all thumb joints

carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal

306
Q

what are the attachments of pronator teres

A

medial epicondyle + coronoid process of ulna

mid shaft of radius

307
Q

what are the actions of the coracobrachialis

A

flex arm at shoulder

weak adduction

308
Q

what does the brachial artery bifurcate into

A

radial and ulna artery

309
Q

what are the attachments of the rhomboid major

A

spinous process of T2-5

medial border of scapula

310
Q

where are the sub scapular group of lymph nodes

A

posterior axillar

receive from posterior thoracic wall and scapular region

311
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor cari radialis longus/ brevis
extensor digitorum 
extensor digiti minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris
ancones
312
Q

how is movement produced at the proximal radioulnar joint

A

head of radius rotates within the annular ligament

313
Q

what are the attachments of the pec minor

A

3-5th ribs

coracoid process of scapula

314
Q

what side of the humeral head does the greater tuberosity lie

A

lateral

315
Q

what does the subclavian artery continue as and where

A

axillary artery

lateral border of the 1st rib

316
Q

what 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process of the scapula

A

pec minor
corachobrachialais
biceps branchii

317
Q

what is the name of the 2 projections at the distal end of the humerus

A

lateral and medial epicondyle

318
Q

what movements can occur at the shoulder joint

A

flexion, extension
adduction, abduction
medial/ lateral rotation

319
Q

how would a mid shaft fracture of the humerus result in wrist drop

A

radial nerve innervates extensors of the wrist

320
Q

what is the most common cause of tendonitis

A

overuse

321
Q

what are the attachments of the trapezius

A

originates from skull, nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T12
attach to clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

322
Q

where does the supraspinatus muscle originate

A

supraspinous fossa - above spine of scapula

323
Q

what is the action of the triceps muscles

A

extension of the arm at the elbow

324
Q

what is the most common fracture of the wrist and what happens

A

Colle’s fracture - fall onto outstretched hand
radius fracture +/- ulnar styloid process
dinner fork deformity

325
Q

which of the epicondyles is the common flexor origin

A

medial

326
Q

what do the superficial lymph vessels of the arm lie with

A

superficial veins

327
Q

what arteries supply the shoulder joint

A

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

branches of axillary

328
Q

what is the difference between the right and left subclavian artery

A

right - branch of brachiocephalic trunk

left - branch of arch of aorta

329
Q

what happens in a monteggias fracture

A

force from behind ulna fractures proximal shaft, head of radius dislocates anteriorly at the elbow

330
Q

which 3 muscles extend the medial 4 digits

A

extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor indicis proprius

331
Q

does the cephalic vein ascend up the arm on the medial or lateral side

A

antero-lateral aspect of the arm

332
Q

what muscles abduct the wrist

A

abductor pollicis longus
flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis

333
Q

what are the attachments of the supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

greater tubercle of humerus

334
Q

what muscle do the median nerve and ulnar artery pass under

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

335
Q

what muscles abduct the shoulder joint

A

first 15 degrees- supraspinatus
middle deltoid does rest
past 90 the scapula needs to rotate

336
Q

what ligament spans form the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus

A

coracohumeral ligament

337
Q

what is the action of the infraspinatus

A

laterally rotate arm

338
Q

what muscle in the posterior compartment is the exception to the extensor rule

A

brachioradialis

339
Q

what factors contribute to the stability of the shoulder joint

A

rotator cuff muscles
glenoid labrum - fibrocartilaginous rim
ligmaents
biceps tendon

340
Q

what are the names of the 2 classical fractures of the forearm

A

monteggia - proximal shaft of ulna

galeazzi - distal radius

341
Q

where does the cephalic vein enter the axilla

A

clavipectoral triangle - anterior wall of axilla

342
Q

what is the innervation of the coracobrachialis

A

musculocutanous nerve

343
Q

where does the medial head of the triceps brachii originate

A

humerus, inferior to radial groove

344
Q

what epicondyle is inflamed in tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondyle - common extensor

345
Q

what are the branches of the posterior cord

A

axillary
radial
superior/ inferior sub scapular nerve
thoracodorsal nerve

346
Q

what arteries supply the wrist joint

A

dorsal and palmar carpal arteries (branch of ulnar and radial)

347
Q

what is the name of the tip of the humerus that sits posteriorly between the 2 epicondyles

A

trochlea

348
Q

what rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

A

subscapularis

349
Q

what muscles retract the scapula (backwards movements)

A

trapezius
rhomboids
latissimus dorsi

350
Q

what are the attatchments of the brachialis muscle

A

humeral shaft to coronoid process of ulna

351
Q

what nerve injury leads to wrist drop

A

radial

352
Q

what bones are involved in the radio-carpal joint

A

lunate, scaphoid

distal head of radius

353
Q

what bones do the deep muscles of the posterior forearm act on (not supinator)

A

thumb

index finger

354
Q

what is the innervation of the lumbricals

A

lateral - index and middle finger - median nerve

media; -pinky and ring finger - ulnar nerve

355
Q

what do the lumbricals originate from

A

originate form tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

356
Q

what nerve innervates the thenar muscles

A

median nerve

357
Q

what are the groups of intrinsic muscles in the hand

A

thenar muscles
hypothenar muscles
lumbricals
interossei

358
Q

how may lunate anterior dislocation manifest clinically

A

carpal tunnel syndromes
paraesthesia in sensory distribution of median nerve
weakness of thenar muscles

359
Q

what are the attachments of the anconeus

A 
lateral epicondyle 
to olecranon (all near elbow joint)
360
Q

which of the rotator cuff muscles attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

subscapularis

rest to greater tubercle

361
Q

what is the characteristic sign of supraspinatus tendonitis

A

painful arc - pain in the meddle of abduction between 60-120 degrees - where affected area comes into contact with acromion

362
Q

does pronation / supination occur at the elbow

A

no - radioulnar joint

363
Q

what nerve may be damaged when taking a biopsy from the axilla lymph nodes

A

long thoracic nerve - winging of the scapula

364
Q

what is the most common mechanism of a fracture of the clavicle

A

fall on the shoulder

fall on an outstretched had

365
Q

what are the actions of the rhomboid minor

A

retracts and rotates scapula

366
Q

what is the innervation of palmaris longus

A

median nerve

367
Q

what are the attachments of flexor pollicis longus

A

radius to distal phalanx of thumb

368
Q

what 9 tendons travel through the carpal tunnel

A

1 tendon of flexor polices longus (FPL)
4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundis (FDP)
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

369
Q

what are the 3 parts fo the clavicle

A

sternal end
shaft
acromial end

370
Q

after the first 30 degrees abduction where does the majority of the movement occur

A

2 degrees shoulder joint, 1 degree scapula thoracic joint

2:1 scapula-humeral rhythm

371
Q

what are the 2 most superficial back muscles

A

latissimus dorsi

trapezius

372
Q

where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate

A

infraglenoid tubercle

373
Q

what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint

A

synovial saddle

374
Q

what are the medial and lateral thickenings of the elbow joint capsule called

A

medial collateral ligament (ulnar)

lateral collateral ligament (radial)

375
Q

what joint does the axilla lie underneath

A

glenohumeral

376
Q

what do the deep veins of the arm run beside

A

paired veins run either side of the artery

pulsations assist in return

377
Q

what are the attachments of the pec major

A

inter tubercular groove of humerus
clavicle head - medial 1/3
sternocostal head - sternum

378
Q

what vein is a common site of venipuncture and why

A

median cubital vein

ease of access, fixed position, superficial position

379
Q

what is the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

anterior compartment of arm - biceps branchii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
- flex upper arm at the shoulder and elbow, biceps supinate

380
Q

does the radial artery supply the anterior or posterior forearm?

A

posterior

ulna anterior

381
Q

where is the coracoid process of the scapula

A

originates from the superolateral costal side

hook like projection just under clavicle

382
Q

what trunks form the medial cord

A

inferior

383
Q

what do the deep lymph vessels of the upper limb follow

A

major deep veins - radial, ulnar and brachial

384
Q

what is a characteristic sign of an ulnar nerve palsy

A

patients can’t grip paper placed between fingers

ulnar claw - hyperextension of MCPJ, flexion at IPJ

385
Q

where does the long head of the biceps branchii attach

A

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

386
Q

what trunks form the posterior cord

A

superior, middle and inferior

387
Q

what arteries branch off the axillary artery at the level of the humeral surgical neck

A

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries - supply shoulder region
sub scapular artery

388
Q

what is the innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve

389
Q

what is a bursa

A

synovial fluid sac

390
Q

what is the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the shoulder

A

extrinsic - originate from the torso and attach to the clavicle/ scapula or humerus (superficial back)
intrinsic - originate form scapula/ clavicle and attach to the humerus

391
Q

what shape is pronator quadratus

A

square

392
Q

what is the difference in the mechanisms of a colle’s and smiths fractures

A

colles - fall onto outstretched hand

smiths - fall onto back of hand

393
Q

what muscles pronate the proximal radioulnar joint

A

pronator teres, pronator quadratus

394
Q

what position of the arm are the contents of the axilla most at risk of injury

A

arm sully abducted

395
Q

what is the distal and proximal articulations of the wrist joint

A

distal - proximal row of carpal bones (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
proximal - distal end of the radius

396
Q

what part of the ulna does the brachialis muscle attach to

A

ulna tuberosity

397
Q

what type of bone is the pisiform carpal bone

A

sesamoid bone - formed within the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

398
Q

what movements can occur at the wrist joint

A

flexion, extension
adduction, abduction
circumduction

399
Q

what is the action of the palmar interossei

A

Adduct the fingers

400
Q

what type of cartilage lines the shoulder joint

A

hyaline cartilage

401
Q

what muscles elevate the scapula

A

trapezius
leveator scapulae
rhomboids

402
Q

what trunks form the lateral cord

A

middle and superior

403
Q

what nerve innervates the dorsal interossei

A

ulnar nerve

404
Q

what muscles laterally rotate the shoulder joint (away from midline, thumb point out)

A

infrapinatus

teres minor

405
Q

what is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

ulnar nerve

406
Q

what are the 3 trunks formed by the roots of the brachial plexus

A

superior - C5-6
middle - C7
inferior - C8-T1

407
Q

does the ulnar artery supply the anterior or posterior forearm?

A

anterior

radial posterior

408
Q

what is the innervation of pronator teres

A

median nerve

409
Q

what tissue layer are the deep veins in the arms situated

A

underneath deep fascia

410
Q

where does the cephalic vein terminate

A

combines with axillary vein in the axilla

411
Q

what are the major superficial veins of the upper limb

A

cephalic and basilic

located in subcutaneous tissue

412
Q

what position is characteristic of erbs palsy

A

waiters tip - medial rotation and flexed wrists

413
Q

what are the roots of the superior trunk

A

C5-6

414
Q

what 3 muscles make up the thenar muscle group

A

opponens pollicis
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis

415
Q

what muscles will be affected in Klumpkes palsy

A

all intrinsic muscles of the hand
ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers
(T1)

416
Q

what is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis

A

abducts the thumb

417
Q

which 3 bones does the humerus articulate with

A

glenoid fossa of scapula
head of radius
trochlear notch of ulna

418
Q

what way does the humeral head lie

A

medial

419
Q

what ligament aids in the proximal radioulnar joint

A

annular radial ligament - forms collar around, reduces friction

420
Q

what are the attachments of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle

flexor retinaculum of wrist

421
Q

what is the function of the serrates anterior

A

rotates scapula - lateral and forward

422
Q

where does lymph travel after the apical nodes

A

subclavian lymphatic trunk

423
Q

what is the action of flexor digit minimi

A

flexes MCP joint of little finger

424
Q

what is the lateral border of the anatomical snuff box

A

tendon of extensor pollicis brevis

tendon of abductor pollicis brevis

425
Q

what are the attachments of the subscapularis

A

originates from sub scapular fossa (costal surface)

to lesser tubercle

426
Q

what is the name given to the middle of the 2 forearm bones

A

interosseous membrane

427
Q

what are the actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A

flex DIPJ
flex metacarpophalangeal joint
flex wrist

428
Q

what are the 2 other muscles in the palm that are not thenar/ hypothenar/ interossei/ lumbricals

A

palmaris brevis

adductor pollicis

429
Q

what is the superior border of the cubital fossa

A

imaginary line between medial an lateral epicondyles

430
Q

where does the cephalic vein originate

A

lateral end of the dorsal venous arch

431
Q

what is the innervation of the rhomboid muscles

A

dorsal scapular nerve

432
Q

what is the innervation of the trapezius

A

accessory neve CN XI

433
Q

what is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

radial nerve

434
Q

what happens on a galeazzis fracture

A

fracture to the distal radius, ulna head dislocates at radioulnar joint

435
Q

what would occur if the axillary nerve was damaged in a patients

A

paralysis of deltoid and teres minor
difficulty performing abduction
sensation lost form regimental badge area

436
Q

what is the action of the brachioradialis

A

flexes elbow

437
Q

what muscles will be effected in Erb palsy

A

deltoid, teres minor
supraspinatus, infraspinatus
biceps branchii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
(C5/6)

438
Q

what muscles laterally rotate the scapula (elevate glenoid cavity)

A

trapezius

serratus anterior

439
Q

what is the innervation of the infraspinatus

A

supra scapular nerve

440
Q

what muscles attach to the shaft of the clavicle

A 
deltoid 
trapezius
subclavian 
pectorals major 
sternocleidomastoid 
sternohyoid
441
Q

what bones do the metacarpals attach with

A

proximal phalanges

carpal bones

442
Q

what is the arterial supply to the triceps muscles

A

profunda brachii artery

443
Q

what is the action of opponens digiti minimi

A

opposes little finger by rotating the metacarpal of little finger

444
Q

what is the medial border of the cubital fossa

A

lateral border of pronator teres

445
Q

what 2 carpal bones does the radius articulate with

A

scaphoid

lunate

446
Q

what is the action of the dorsal interossei

A

ABduct the fingers

447
Q

what nerve innervates flexor pollicis brevis

A

median nerve

448
Q

what muscles attach to the superior surface of the olecranon

A

triceps branchii

449
Q

how many carpal cones are there in each hand

A

8

450
Q

what are the attatchments of the brachioradialis

A

proximal aspect of the lateral supcondylar ridge of the humerus
distal end of the radius

451
Q

what set of muscles attach to the lateral epicondyle

A

forearm extensors

452
Q

what is the purpose of synovial fluid

A

reduce friction between articulating structures

453
Q

where are the lateral (humeral) group of lymph nodes

A

lateral wall of axilla

receive majority of lymph form upper limb

454
Q

what is the action of the latissimus dorsi

A

extends arm
adducts arm
medially rotates arm - at the shoulder

455
Q

what is the action of abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts the thumb

456
Q

which nerve innervates the hypothenar eminence

A

ulnar nerve

457
Q

what are the nerve roots of the median nerve

A

C6- T1 - lateral and medial

458
Q

what is the innervation of extensor indices proprius

A

radial nerve

459
Q

what muscles does the musculocutanous nerve pierce first on its course

A

coracobrachialis

460
Q

what is the innervation of the subscapularis

A

subscapular nerve

461
Q

what does the ulnar artery enter the hand between

A

anterior to flexor retinaculum

laterally to ulnar nerve

462
Q

how does movement occur at the distal radioulnar joint

A

ulnar notch of radius slides anteriorly over head of ulnar

463
Q

where are the central group of lymph nodes

A

base of axilla (deep to pec minor)

receive limb from efferent vessels from the pectoral, subscpular and humeral axillary lymph nodes

464
Q

what network in the hand does the cephalic vein arise from

A

dorsal venous network

465
Q

what is the action of abductor digiti minimi

A

abduct little finger

466
Q

what nerves form the brachial plexus

A

ventral rami of C5-T1

467
Q

what muscles supinate the proximal radioulnar joint

A

supinator, biceps branchii

468
Q

what is the action of the brachialis muscle

A

flexion at elbow

469
Q

what bone forms the floor of the carpal tunnel

A

scaphoid + trapezium

470
Q

what are the attachments of the lattisimus dorsi

A

spinous processes of T6-12 . iliac crest

tendon attaches to inertubercular groove of humerus

471
Q

what muscle forms the floor of the cubital fossa

A

brachialis

472
Q

is the ulna involved in the wrist joint

A

no - prevented by articular disk (fibrocartilaginous ligament)

473
Q

what are the contents of the axilla

A 
axillary artery 
axillary vein 
brachial plexus 
biceps branchi & corachorachialis
axillary lymph nodes
474
Q

what is the glenohumeral joint and articulation between

A

head of humerus with glenoid cavity of scapula

475
Q

what 3 nerves innervate the wrist

A

radial, median and ulnar

476
Q

what is the only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints

A

flexor digitorum profundus

477
Q

is the extensor digiti minimi medial or lateral to extensor digitorum

A

medial

478
Q

what are the actions of the anconeus

A

extends elbow joint

abducts ulna during pronation of forearm

479
Q

what nerves innervate the pec major

A

lateral and medial pectoral nerve

480
Q

what muscles medially rotate the shoulder joint (towards midline, thumb point inward)

A 
subscapularis 
anterior deltoid
pectoralis major
teres major 
latissimus dorsi
481
Q

what are the nerve roots of the axillary nerve

A

C5, 6 - posterior cord

482
Q

where does the clavicle extend from

A

sternum to acromion of scapula

483
Q

what muscles medially rotate the scapula (depress the glenoid cavity

A 
gravity 
leveator scapulae
rhomboids 
pectorals major 
latissimus dorsi
484
Q

what are the attachments of the extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior ulna/ interosseus membrane

distal phalanx of thumb

485
Q

where does the basilic vein originate

A

medial end of the dorsal venous arch

486
Q

what is a dermatome

A

the area of skin supplied by one spinal segment

487
Q

what nerve innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

radial nerve

488
Q

what bone does the trochlea of the humerus articulate with

A

trochlear notch of ulnar

489
Q

what is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus/ brevis

A

radial nerve

3rd year anatomy (5 decks)

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