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3rd year anatomy > female reproductive > Flashcards

female reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

what is the posterior fornix closely related to

A

rectouterine pouch

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2
Q

where does the vagina extend between

A

vestibule of external genitalia to cervix

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3
Q

what are the main functions of the cervix

A

passage of sperm into the uterine cavity

maintains sterility of the female reproductive tract

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4
Q

what does each breast consist of

A

15-25 lobules with tubule-acinar glands (parenchyma) and stroma (connective tissue)

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5
Q

what are primary sex organs responsible for (ovary/ ttestes)

A

maintenance and transportation of gametes

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6
Q

what are the 3 parts of the uterus

A

fundus - top
body
cervix - link to vagina

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7
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the vuvla

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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8
Q

what is the round ligament of the uterus a remnant of

A

gubernaculum

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9
Q

where do the fallopian tubes lie

A

upper body of the broad ligament, extending laterally form uterus and opening into the abdominal cavity near the uterus

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10
Q

what is the broad ligament of the uterus

A

double layer of peritoneum attaching the sides of the uterus to the pelvis

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11
Q

what about the fallopian tubes helps the movement of the female gamete

A

inner mucosa lined with ciliated columnar epithelial cells

smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with transportation (greatest when oestrogen high)

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12
Q

what are the ovaries attached to

A

posterior surface of the broad ligament of the uterus by the mesovarium

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13
Q

does the ovarian artery leave the abdominal aorta above or below the renal arteries

A

below

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14
Q

where does lymph from the ovary drain

A

para-aortic nodes

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15
Q

what is the peritoneal space between the uterus and the bladder

A

ueterovesicle space

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16
Q

what is the epithelium of the surface of the ovary

A

simple cuboidal epithelium (germinal epithelium)

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17
Q

where do the ovaries develop

A

within the mesonephric ridge ad descend through the abdomen

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18
Q

what opens into the female vestibule

A

external vaginal orifice, urethra

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19
Q

what makes up the cortex of the ovary

A

connective tissue stroma

supports follicles

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20
Q

what 3 ligaments are located within the broad ligament

A

ovarian ligament
round ligament of the uterus
suspensory ligament of the ovary

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21
Q

what are the labia minor embryologically derived from

A

urethral folds

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22
Q

what arteries supply the mammary gland

A

branches of subclavian and axilla
lateral/ medial mammary
internal throaci

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23
Q

what are the 2 regions of the cervix

A

ectocervix - to vagina

endocervix - to uterus

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24
Q

where is the isthmus of the fallopian tube

A

narrow section of the uterine tubes connecting the ampulla to the uterine cavity

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25
Q

describe the inner/ foetal surface of the placenta

A

smooth

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26
Q

what are the main functions of the ovary

A

produce oocytes

produce oestrogen and progesterone in response to LH and FSH

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27
Q

what is the endometrium

A

inner mucous membrane lining the uterus

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28
Q

what is the nerve supply to the anterior vuvla

A

illioinguinal/ genital genitofemoral nerve

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29
Q

what lines the ectocervix

A

stratified squamous non-keritised epithelium

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30
Q

where do the breasts lie (fascia)

A

superficial fascia of the pectoral region

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31
Q

what is the broad ligament a flat sheet of

A

peritoneum

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32
Q

where dose fertilisation occur

A

ampulla

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33
Q

why is it important to know the relation between the ureter and uterine arteries

A

clamp uterine artery in hysterectomy

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34
Q

what does the uteroscral ligament extend between

A

cervix to sacrum

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35
Q

what are the functions of the vagian

A

sexual interocurse
childbirth
menustration

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36
Q

what lies lateral to the vagina

A

uterers and uterine arteries

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37
Q

where are bartholins glands

A

either side of the vaginal orifice

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38
Q

what do the labia minora fuse anteriorly and posteriorly to create

A

anterior - prepuce of clitoris

posterior - vestibule

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39
Q

what is a risk of an ectopic pregnancy in the fallopian tube

A

rupture and haemorrhage

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40
Q

what are the 3 regions of the broad ligament

A

mesovarium - ovaries
mesometrium - uterus
mesosalpinx - fallopian tubes

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41
Q

what nerve innervates the inferior part of the vagina

A

deep perineal nerve - pudendal nerve

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42
Q

what are the functions of the placenta

A

gaseous exchange
removal of toxic waste products
nutrition
secrete hormones

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43
Q

what lines the endocervix

A

mucus secreting simple columnar epithelium

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44
Q

what lies posterior to the vagina

A

rectum and anus

45
Q

where is the cardinal ligament of the uterus

A

base of broad ligament of the uterus

extends form cervix to lateral pelvic walls

46
Q

where is the uterovaginal plexus (sympathetic and parasympathetic to vagina)

A

base of broad ligament, either side of cervix

47
Q

what maintain the vagina ph at 4.5

A

oestrogen stimulates epithelial cells to secrete glycogen which is digested to produce lactic acid

48
Q

what ligament does the mesometrium enclose

A

round ligament of uterus

49
Q

what is contained in the cardinal ligament of the uterus

A

uterine artery and vein

50
Q

what is the myometrium

A

thick smooth muscle layer

51
Q

what is the nerve supply to the posterior vuvla

A

pudendal nerve

52
Q

what are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube

A

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

53
Q

what is the function of the umbilical arteries

A

carry deoxygenated blood from the foetus to the placenta

54
Q

where do the ovarian arteries arise

A

L2 - abdominal aorta

55
Q

what provides the primary support for the uterus

A

tone of pelvic floor

56
Q

what is the longest and widest section of the fallopian tube

A

ampulla

57
Q

what is the perimetrium

A

out layer of uterus - double layered membrane continuous with abdominal

58
Q

what is the peritoneal space between the uterus and the rectum

A

rectouterine space - pouch of douglas

59
Q

what is the mesovarium

A

fold of peritoneum continuous with the outer surface of the ovaries

60
Q

what is a corneal ectopic pregnancy

A

develops in the interstitial portion of the fallopian tube and invades through wall

61
Q

how many vessels are in the umbilical cord

A

2 arteries, 1 vein

62
Q

what is the vaginal fornix

A

the recess around the protruding cervix - anterior, lateral and posterior (deepest) part

63
Q

is the uterus a primary or secondary sex organ

A

secondary - matures during puberty

64
Q

what is the dual blood supply to the uterus

A

ovarian artery

uterine artery

65
Q

where does lymph from the fallopian tubes drain

A

iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

66
Q

what ligament is the ovarian artery in

A

suspensory ligament of ovary

67
Q

what are the 4 histological layers of the vagina (internal to external)

A
  1. stratified squamous epithelium
  2. elastic lamina propria
  3. fibromuscular layer - 2 smooth muscle
  4. adventitia
68
Q

what are the functions of the vuvla

A

sensory tissue during intercourse
assist in micturition by directing flow of urine
defend internal tract from infection

69
Q

what does the ligament of the ovary extend between

A

ovary to fundus of the uterus

70
Q

does the mesovarium cover the ovary

A

no - just the hilum

71
Q

what is the suspensory ligament of ovary

A

fold of peritoneum extending form the mesovarium to the lateral pelvic wall

72
Q

what are the labia majora embryologically derived from

A

labioscrotal swellings

73
Q

what forms the clitoris

A

erectile corpora cavernosa tissue

becomes engorged during sexual stimulation

74
Q

what is the mons pubis

A

fat pad at at the anterior of the vuvla which is covered in pubic hair

75
Q

what are ovarian cysts

A

fluid filled masses that develop in the ovary, commonly from ovarian follicles

76
Q

what are the labia majora

A

two hear bearing external folds of the vaginal

77
Q

what lies between the endocervix and ectocervix

A

external os

78
Q

where does the ovarian ligament join the uterus

A

just below the entry of the fallopian tubes

79
Q

what do bartholins glands secrete

A

lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal

80
Q

where is the parasympathetic innervation of the uterus derived form

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)

81
Q

which part of the uterus do the fallopian tubes enter

A

fundus

82
Q

where is the ovarian ligament

A

joint ovaries to the uterus

83
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of the vagina

A

iliac and superficial inguinal lymph nodes

84
Q

what is the venous return form the vagina

A

vaginal plexus to uterine vein to internal iliac

85
Q

what are the cardinal ligaments also known as

A

transverse cervical

86
Q

where does the left ovarian vein drain to

A

left renal vein

87
Q

what is contained in the suspensory ligament of ovary

A

ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus and lymphatic vessels

88
Q

what are the main functions of the uterine tubes

A

transfer and transport of the ovum from the ovary to the uterus

89
Q

what are the main lymph nodes draining the breast

A

axilla
parasternal
posterior intercostal

90
Q

where does the broad ligament extend

A

lateral pelvic walls and folds over the internal female genitalia covering their surface anteriorly and posteriorly

91
Q

where does the uterine artery cross there ureter

A

1cm laterally to the internal os
level of ischial spine - junction of cervix and lateral part of fornix of vagina
(water under a bridge)

92
Q

what muscles lie on the deep surface of the breast

A

serrates anterior
pectoralis major
pectoralis minor

93
Q

where do the breasts extend vertically and horizontally

A

vertical - 2nd - 6ht rib

horizontal - lateral border of sternum to anterior axillary line

94
Q

where does the round ligament of the uterus originate

A

uterine horns (fallopian tubes entrance) , pass through inguinal canal, attach to the labia majora

95
Q

describe the outer/ maternal surface of the placenta

A

disc shaped - rough and spongy

96
Q

what 3 things make up the birth canal

A

cervix, vagina and vulva

97
Q

what are the 3 tissue layers of the uterus

A

perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium

98
Q

what is the clitoris derived from embryologically

A

genital tubercle

99
Q

how long is the vagina

A

9cm

100
Q

what is meant by anteverted and anteflexed uterus

A

anteverted - rotated forward towards anterior body (with respect to vagina)
ante flexed - flexed towards anterior body (with respect to cervix)

101
Q

what is the blood supply to the female external genitalia

A

internal pudendal artery

102
Q

what is the arterial supply of the vagina

A

uterine and vaginal artery - branch of internal iliac

103
Q

what are the fimbriae of the fallopian tube

A

finger like ciliated projections which capture the ovum form the surface of the ovary

104
Q

what shape are the fallopian tubes

A

J shaped

105
Q

where is the infindulum of the fallopian tube

A

funnel shaped opening near the ovary that the fimbriae attach to

106
Q

where does the right ovarian vein drain to

A

IVC

107
Q

where do the labia minora lie

A

inside the labia majora

108
Q

why can the round ligament be a source of pain during pregnancy

A

increased force places on the ligament by expanding uterus

109
Q

what is the function of the umbilical vein

A

carries oxygen/ nutrient rich blood to the foetus

3rd year anatomy (5 decks)

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