Ch. 3

Question 1

Solution for which water is the solvent.

Answer 1

Aqueous solution

Question 2

Avogadro’s number

Answer 2

6.022 x 10^23

Question 3

Quantitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration.

Answer 3

Concentrated

Question 4

Quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution.

Answer 4

Concentration

Question 5

Qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration.

Answer 5

Dilute

Question 6

Process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes.

Answer 6

Dilution

Question 7

Describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent.

Answer 7

Dissolved

Question 8

Sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula.

Answer 8

Empirical formula mass

Question 9

Sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass.

Answer 9

Formula mass

Question 10

Ratio of solute - to - solution mass expressed as a percentage.

Answer 10

Mass percentage

Question 11

Ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage.

Answer 11

Mass-volume percent

Question 12

Mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance

Answer 12

Molar mass

Question 13

Unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution.

Answer 13

Molarity (M)

Question 14

Amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of 12C

Answer 14

Mole

Question 15

Ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10^9.

Answer 15

Parts per billion (ppb)

Question 16

Ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10^6

Answer 16

Parts per million (ppm)

Question 17

Percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound

Answer 17

Percent composition

Question 18

Solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent.

Answer 18

Solute

Question 19

Solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components.

Answer 19

Solvent

Question 20

Ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage.

Answer 20

Volume percentage

Question 21

Describe how to determine the number of miles of a compound in a known mass of the compound if we know it’s molecular formula.

Answer 21

Use the molecular formula to find the molar mass; divide the mass of the compound by the molar mass of the compound in grams.

Question 22

How are the molecular mass and the molar mass of a compound similar and how are they different?

Answer 22

The two masses have the same numerical value, but the units are different: the molecular mass is the mass of 1 molecule while the the molar mass is the mass of 6.022 x 10^23 molecules.