Ch. 9

Question 1

The average distance a molecule travels between collisions.

Answer 1

Mean free path

Question 2

Increases with decreasing pressure.

Answer 2

Mean free path

Question 3

Movement of an atom or molecule from a region of relatively high concentration to one of relatively low concentration.

Answer 3

Diffusion

Question 4

Rate of diffusion =

Answer 4

Amount of gas passing through an area
———————————————
Unit of time

Question 5

The increase or decrease in concentration from one point to another.

Answer 5

Concentration gradient

Question 6

Transfer of gaseous atoms or molecules from a container to a vacuum through a very small hole/opening.

Answer 6

Effusion

Question 7

Graham’s law of effusion:

Answer 7

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of its particles.

Rate of effusion 1/square root of mass

Question 8

Gas molecules are very ______

Compared to the distances between them.

Answer 8

Small

Question 9

Gas molecules which collide with the walls of the container are the cause of the _______ exerted by the gas.

Answer 9

Pressure

Question 10

Gas molecules are in _____ __________.

Answer 10

Continuous motion

Question 11

Dalton’s law of partial pressures:

Answer 11

The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gasses.

P. = P. + P + P
Total A. B. C

Question 12

Force exerted per unit area.

Answer 12

Pressure

P = F
—
A

Question 13

Pressure can be increased by increasing the amount of _______ or by decreasing the _______.

Answer 13

Force

Area

Question 14

SI unit of pressure

Answer 14

Pascal (Pa)

1 Pa = 1 N/m^2

Question 15

Temperature at which the volume of a gas would be zero according to Charles’s law.

Answer 15

Absolute zero

Question 16

Process whereby gas molecules spread out in response to a concentration gradient.

Answer 16

Diffusion

Question 17

Process whereby gas escapes from a container into a vacuum through a small hole.

Answer 17

Effusion

Question 18

The pressure due to any individual component in a gas mixture is called ___________ _____________.

Answer 18

Partial pressure

Question 19

Device used to measure atmospheric pressure.

Answer 19

Barometer

Question 20

Ratio of the experimentally measured molar volume for a gas to its molar volume as computed from the ideal gas equation.

Answer 20

compressibility factor (Z)

Question 21

Pressure exerted by a fluid due to gravity.

Answer 21

hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

Hypothetical gas whose physical properties are perfectly described by the gas laws.

Answer 22

ideal gas

Question 23

Theory based on simple principles and assumptions that effectively explains ideal gas behavior.

Answer 23

kinetic molecular theory

Question 24

Device used to measure the pressure of a gas trapped in a container.

Answer 24

manometer

Question 25

Concentration unit defined as the ratio of the molar amount of a mixture component to the total number of moles of all mixture components.

Answer 25

mole fraction (X)

Question 26

Pressure exerted by an individual gas in a mixture.

Answer 26

partial pressure

Question 27

Pressure exerted by water vapor in equilibrium with liquid water in a closed container at a specific temperature.

Answer 27

vapor pressure of water

Question 28

Modified version of the ideal gas equation containing additional terms to account for non-ideal gas behavior.

Answer 28

van der Waals equation