Microbiology Flashcards
What is endophthalmitis?
devastating infection inside of the eye that involves the entire globe
What causes endophthalmitis?
side effect from surgery i.e. it is iatrogenic
What is the presentation of endophthalmitis?
extremely painful red eye
decreasing vision
What is the most common organism that can cause endophthalmitis?
staph epidermis
can cross the blood-retinal barrier
How is endophthalmitis diagnosed?
take a culture sample from the needle
What is the treatment of endophthalmitis?
intravitreal amikacin or ceftazidine/vancomycin
and topical antibiotics
What precaution is taken during surgery now to try to prevent endophthalmitis?
antibiotics are put into the eye at the end
What is chorioretinitis?
(posterior uveitis)
inflammation of the choroid and retina
What organisms can cause chorioretinitis?
toxoplasma gondii
toxocara caris
Describe toxoplasma gondii chorioretinitis?
protezoan infection
mild flu like illness
comes from cats and raw meat
What does toxoplasma gondii do in immunocomprimised patients?
enter the latent phase - cysts form
What disease is chorioretinitis seen in?
cytomeagaly viris in AIDS
Describe toxocara canis?
a roundworm that affects cats and dogs
it cannot replicate in humans but remains an immature form of the worm - a larvae
How does toxocara canis cause damage?
can cause granulomas which can cause irreversible vision loss
How are toxoplasma and toxocara diagnosed?
serology - take the sample from the back of the eye
