Lots of eye things

Question 1

What is a subjunctival haemorrhage?

Answer 1

blood vessels in the conjunctiva splits due to clotting syndromes or uncontrolled high BP

Question 2

What does a red eye plus ache plus referred pain up to eyebrow indicate?

Answer 2

intraocular inflammation

Question 3

What eye problems can marfans syndrome cause?

Answer 3

dislocated lens - ectopia lens - resulting in decreased visual acuity

Question 4

What eye problems can Stevens-johnson syndrome cause?

Answer 4

symble-pharon (partial or complete adhesion of palprebral conjunctiva to the bulbar conjunctiva), occlusion of the lacrimal glands and cornea ulcers

Question 5

What is the arsal conjunctiva?

Answer 5

part on the back of the lid

Question 6

What is the bulbar conjunctiva?

Answer 6

conjuctiva on the white part of the eye

Question 7

What is belpharitis?

Answer 7

inflammed eyelids

Question 8

What is anterior blepharitis?

Answer 8

seborrhoeic scales on lashes OR
staphylococcal infection involving the lash follicle
the lid margin will be redder than the deeper part of the lid

Question 9

What are the two types of anterior blepharitis?

Answer 9

seborrhoeic

staphylococcal

Question 10

What are the signs of seborrhoeic anterior blepharitis?

Answer 10

lid margin red
lots of scales and dandruff
NO ULCERATION

Question 11

What are the signs of staphylococcal blepharitis?

Answer 11

lid margin red
lashes distorted
loss of lashes
ingrowing lashes
styes - inflammation of hair follicles
ulcers of lid margins
corneal staining 
marginal ulcers
tipee sign - lashes stick together

Question 12

What are the signs of posterior blepharitis?

Answer 12

NORMAL lid margin, skin and lashes
meibomian gland openings swollen and pouty
dried secretion at gland openings
Meibomian cysts
associated with acne rosacea

Question 13

What is posterior blepharitis?

Answer 13

Meibomian gland dysfunction - oil secreting glands

lid margin normal, redness will be DEEPER in the lid

Question 14

How is blepharitis treated?

Answer 14

good eye hygiene
supplementary tear drops
oral doxycycline for 2-3 months

Question 15

What can cause anterior uveitis?

Answer 15

autoimmune: renters, ulcerative colitis, ankolosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis
malignancy: leukeamia
infective: TB, syphilis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster
other: idiopathic trauma

Question 16

What are the symptoms of anterior uveitis?

Answer 16

pain
referred pain to ipsilateral brow
reduced vision
photophobia
circumcorneal red eye

Question 17

What are the signs of anterior uveitis?

Answer 17

circumcorneal injection
cells and flare (proteins leaking out) in anterior chamber
keratic precipitaates
hypopyon
synechiae - small or irregular pupil

Question 18

What is the managment of anterior uveitis?

Answer 18

topical steroids - pred forte 1%
mydriatics - cyclopentrolate 1%
investigate if chronic or reoccuring

Question 19

What is episcleritis?

Answer 19

inflammation of the episclera (on top of the sclera) - not serious

Question 20

What is episcleritis associated with?

Answer 20

gout

Question 21

What is the treatment for episcleritis?

Answer 21

topical NSAIDs
lubricants
mild steroids

Question 22

How do you determine between episcleritis and scleritis?

Answer 22

give a topical vasoconstrictor drop - scleritis will not blanche

Question 23

What is scleritis?

Answer 23

inflammation of the sclera - serious disease

Question 24

What is scleritis associated with?

Answer 24

GPA

RA

Question 25

What is the presentation of scleritis?

Answer 25

extremely painful eyeball - will wake patients up from sleep

injections of the deep vascular plexus

Question 26

What is the treatment of scleritis?

Answer 26

oral NSAIDs
oral steroids
steroid sparing agents