1.3: Ethnicity and identity

Question 1

Ethnicity relates to culture, so we all have an ethnic identity, made up of our religion, language, where we live, our ethnic origin, skin colour, ect.
These cultural characteristics all affect what?

Answer 1

These cultural characteristics all affect:

1. Who we are
2. How we see ourselves

Question 2

Ethnicity relates to culture, so we all have an ethnic identity, made up of our religion, language, where we live, our ethnic origin, skin colour, ect.
These cultural characteristics all affect who we are and how we see ourselves.
In the UK, we tend to identity certain ethnic groups by their what?

Answer 2

In the UK, we tend to identity certain ethnic groups by their shared cultural characteristics

Question 3

Ethnicity relates to culture, so we all have an ethnic identity, made up of our religion, language, where we live, our ethnic origin, skin colour, ect.
These cultural characteristics all affect who we are and how we see ourselves.
In the UK, we tend to identity certain ethnic groups by their shared cultural characteristics, such as what?

Answer 3

In the UK, we tend to identity certain ethnic groups by their shared cultural characteristics, such as:

1. Religion
2. Language
3. Lifestyle

Question 4

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
Who (what year) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different what?

Answer 4

Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities

Question 5

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians and different religious groups, such as what?

Answer 5

Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians and different religious groups, such as:

1. Sikhs
2. Hindus
3. Muslims

Question 6

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians, different religious groups, such as Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims, and several language groups, including what?

Answer 6

Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians and different religious groups, such as Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims, and several language groups, including:

1. Gujarati
2. Punjabi
3. Urdu
4. Bengali

Question 7

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians, different religious groups, such as Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims, and several language groups, including Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu and Bengali.
Asia is a whole what?

Answer 7

Asia is a whole continent

Question 8

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
In the US, when the term ‘Asian-Americans’ is used, it is usually referring to what?

Answer 8

In the US, when the term 'Asian-Americans' is used, it is usually referring to those of:
1. Chinese
Or,
2. Possibly Japanese
origin

Question 9

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
In the US, when the term ‘Asian-Americans’ is used, it is usually referring to those of Chinese, or possibly Japanese, origin.
Increasingly, probably due to the influence of the US media, younger people in the UK may consider British Asians to include those of Chinese origin.
Though China is clearly in Asia, the majority of Asian immigrants in the UK originate from where?

Answer 9

Though China is clearly in Asia, the majority of Asian immigrants in the UK originate from the Indian subcontinent

Question 10

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
In the US, when the term ‘Asian-Americans’ is used, it is usually referring to those of Chinese, or possibly Japanese, origin.
Increasingly, probably due to the influence of the US media, younger people in the UK may consider British Asians to include those of Chinese origin.
Though China is clearly in Asia, the majority of Asian immigrants in the UK originate from the Indian subcontinent due to our colonial history and the small Chinese population is usually discussed separately.
So when sociologists discuss British Asians, they are usually referring to those with origins where?

Answer 10

So when sociologists discuss British Asians, they are usually referring to those with origins in:
1. India
2. Pakistan
Or,
3. Bangladesh

Question 11

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched what?

Answer 11

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched its importance for those in ethnic minorities

Question 12

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched its importance for those in ethnic minorities.
For example, in researching British-Asian identities, who (what year) found that what played in an important part in the upbringing of who in the UK?

Answer 12

For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that:
1. Tradition
2. Religion
3. Family values
played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK

Question 13

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched its importance for those in ethnic minorities.
For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK and that Asian children tend to be what into the extended family, with the emphasis on what?

Answer 13

For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that:

1. Tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK
2. Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family, with the emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment

Question 14

Who (what year) looked at the identity of young black people?

Answer 14

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people

Question 15

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of what?

Answer 15

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’

Question 16

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity that was not specifically rooted in the UK or in their country of origin (often a part of the Caribbean that they may have had little association with), and was shared with young people where?

Answer 16

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity that was not specifically rooted in:
1. The UK
Or,
2. Their country of origin (often a part of the Caribbean that they may have had little association with),
and was shared with young people in the US

Question 17

‘Asians’ are often identified as an ethnic group in the UK, but those who may fall into this category do not necessarily share the same cultural characteristics.
Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as what?

Answer 17

Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as:

1. Pakistanis
2. Bangladeshis
3. Indians

Question 18

Modood (1997) points out, for example, that the category ‘Asians’ includes different nationalities, such as Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Indians and different religious groups, such as Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims and several language groups, including Gujarati, Punjabi, Urdu and Bengali.
We could call this what?

Answer 18

We could call this intracultural diversity

Question 19

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched its importance for those in ethnic minorities.
For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK and that Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family, for example with who living with them, with the emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment?

Answer 19

For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK and that Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family, for example with their:
1. Grandparents
Or,
2. Uncles and aunties
living with them, with the emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment

Question 20

Most studies relating to ethnic identity in the UK have researched its importance for those in ethnic minorities.
For example, in researching British-Asian identities, Ghumann (1999) found that tradition, religion and family values played an important part in the upbringing of second-generation Asians in the UK and that Asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family, for example with their grandparents or uncles and aunties living with them, with the emphasis on duty, loyalty, honour and religious commitment.
Who is this supported by?

Answer 20

This is supported by:
1. Modood
2. Berthoud
(1997)

Question 21

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe what?

Answer 21

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity that was not specifically rooted in:
1. The UK
Or,
2. Their country of origin (often a part of the Caribbean that they may have had little association with)

Question 22

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity that was not specifically rooted in the UK or in their country of origin (often a part of the Caribbean that they may have had little association with), and was shared with young people in the US.
Gilroy argued that the shared experiences of what can do what?

Answer 22

Gilroy argued that the shared experiences of racism and powerlessness can transcend differences in:

1. Background
2. History

Question 23

Gilroy (1993) looked at the identity of young black people, arguing for the use of the term ‘Black Atlantic’ to describe an identity that was not specifically rooted in the UK or in their country of origin (often a part of the Caribbean that they may have had little association with), and was shared with young people in the US.
Gilroy argued that the shared experiences of racism and powerlessness can transcend differences in background and history to do what?

Answer 23

Gilroy argued that the shared experiences of racism and powerlessness can transcend differences in:
1. Background
2. History
to create a ‘black’ identity

Question 24

The term ‘race’ refers to what?

Answer 24

The term ‘race’ refers to a person’s biological characteristics

Question 25

The term ‘race’ refers to a person’s biological characteristics, such as what?

Answer 25

The term ‘race’ refers to a person’s biological characteristics, such as the colour of their skin

Question 26

The term ‘race’ refers to a person’s biological characteristics, such as the colour of their skin.
‘Ethnicity,’ on the other hand, refers to what?

Answer 26

‘Ethnicity,’ on the other hand, refers to a person’s cultural characteristics

Question 27

The term ‘race’ refers to a person’s biological characteristics, such as the colour of their skin.
‘Ethnicity,’ on the other hand, refers to a person’s cultural characteristics.
These cultural characteristics include what?

Answer 27

These cultural characteristics include:

1. Language
2. Religion
3. Geographical origins and common descent
4. History
5. Customs and tradition

Question 28

What is who’s definition of ethnicity?

Answer 28

Song’s (2003) definition of ethnicity is an ethnic group within larger society that has a common ancestry and memories of a shared past based around:

1. History
2. Oral testimonies

Question 29

Cultural assimilation

Answer 29

Cultural assimilation is a process in which persons of diverse:
1. Ethnic
2. Racial
backgrounds (culture) come to interact, free of these constraints, in the life of the larger community

Question 30

Host community/host culture

Answer 30

A host community/host culture is the dominant culture

Question 31

A host community/host culture is the dominant culture.

What would the host community/host culture be in the UK?

Answer 31

In the UK, the host community/host culture would be White British

Question 32

Multiculturalism

Answer 32

Multiculturalism is the:

1. Coexistence of different ethnic groups in society
2. Existence, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultural traditions, norms and values (cultural diversity) within a single jurisdiction

Question 33

Multiculturalism is the coexistence of different ethnic groups in society and the existence, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultural traditions, norms and values (cultural diversity) within a single jurisdiction, usually considered in terms of what?

Answer 33

Multiculturalism is the:

1. Coexistence of different ethnic groups in society
2. Existence, acceptance or promotion of multiple cultural traditions, norms and values (cultural diversity) within a single jurisdiction, usually considered in terms of the culture (way of life) associated with an ethnic group

Question 34

Culture shock

Answer 34

A culture shock is the feeling of disorientation experienced by someone when they are suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar:
1. Culture
2. Way of life
Or,
3. Set of attitudes

Question 35

Positive discrimination

Answer 35

Positive discrimination is the process of giving preferential treatment to minority groups of society that have been prejudiced against in the past

Question 36

Positive discrimination is the process of giving preferential treatment, especially where, to minority groups of society that have been prejudiced against in the past?

Answer 36

Positive discrimination is the process of giving preferential treatment, especially in employment, to minority groups of society that have been prejudiced against in the past

Question 37

Who (what year) found a number of what over the issue of identity?

Answer 37

Modood (1997) found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity

Question 38

Modood (1997) found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting that second generation ethnic minorities from both what backgrounds felt how?

Answer 38

Modood (1997) found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting that second generation ethnic minorities from both:
1. African Caribbean
2. Asian
backgrounds felt much more British than their parents

Question 39

Modood (1997) found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting that second generation ethnic minorities from both African Caribbean and Asian backgrounds felt much more British than their parents, while still what?

Answer 39

Modood (1997) found a number of generational differences over the issue of identity, suggesting that second generation ethnic minorities from both African Caribbean and Asian backgrounds:
1. Felt much more British than their parents
,while still
2. Seeing their ethnic origin as a key part of their ethnicity

Question 40

Who (what year) argues that many young Pakistanis are doing what?

Answer 40

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity

Question 41

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to what?

Answer 41

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from white British society

Question 42

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from white British society.
Jacobson found that young British Muslims face difficulties and problems and that a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of what?

Answer 42

Jacobson found that young British Muslims face difficulties and problems and that a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of:

1. Stability
2. Security

Question 43

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from white British society.
Jacobson found that young British Muslims face difficulties and problems and that a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of stability and security.
This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of what is a form of what?

Answer 43

This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of:
1. Diet
2. Dress
3. Other religious practices
is a form of defence and resistance

Question 44

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from white British society.
Jacobson found that young British Muslims face difficulties and problems and that a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of stability and security.
This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of diet, dress and other religious practices is a form of defence and resistance to what?

Answer 44

This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of diet, dress and other religious practices is a form of defence and resistance to:

1. Racism
2. Marginalisation

Question 45

Jacobson (1997) argues that many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion from white British society.
Jacobson found that young British Muslims face difficulties and problems and that a strong Muslim identity gives them a sense of stability and security.
This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of diet, dress and other religious practices is a form of defence and resistance to racism and marginalisation and is not just absorbed through what, but what?

Answer 45

This positive embracing of an Islamic identity in terms of diet, dress and other religious practices is a form of defence and resistance to racism and marginalisation and is not just:
1. Absorbed through the family
,but
2. Consciously constructed

Question 46

Who (what year) suggests that the experience of racism did what to the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK?

Answer 46

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the:
1. Culture
2. Identity
of African-Caribbeans in the UK

Question 47

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on what?

Answer 47

Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin

Question 48

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been what?

Answer 48

Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided

Question 49

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on what?

Answer 49

Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin

Question 50

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a what of colour imposed by what?

Answer 50

Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism

Question 51

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism.
However, in the UK, the common experience of racism had the effect of what?

Answer 51

In the UK, the common experience of racism had the effect of drawing African-Caribbeans together

Question 52

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism.
However, in the UK, the common experience of racism had the effect of drawing African-Caribbeans together.
A what grew?

Answer 52

A shared oppositional culture grew

Question 53

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism.
However, in the UK, the common experience of racism had the effect of drawing African-Caribbeans together.
A shared oppositional culture grew, organised around what?

Answer 53

A shared oppositional culture grew, organised around the label ‘black’

Question 54

Winston James (1993) suggests that the experience of racism unified the culture and identity of African-Caribbeans in the UK.
Black people from the Caribbean had cultural differences based on their island of origin and may also have been divided based on the darkness of their skin, a hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism.
However, in the UK, the common experience of racism had the effect of drawing African-Caribbeans together.
A shared oppositional culture grew, organised around the label ‘black,’ as what?

Answer 54

A shared oppositional culture grew, organised around the label ‘black,’ as resistance to racism

Question 55

Who (what year) suggests that Eastern European migrants spent relatively little time doing what?

Answer 55

Spencer et al. (2007) suggests that Eastern European migrants spent relatively little time socialising with British people

Question 56

Spencer et al. (2007) suggests that Eastern European migrants spent relatively little time socialising with British people.
In their research, who commented what?

Answer 56

In their research, a Ukrainian waitress commented that ‘They (British people) do not let you into their circles’

Question 57

Who (what year) have looked at different aspects of identity in what families?

Answer 57

Francis and Archer (2005) have looked at different aspects of identity in British-Chinese families

Question 58

Francis and Archer (2005) have looked at different aspects of identity in British-Chinese families.
All of these studies consider what?

Answer 58

All of these studies consider the:

1. Challenges of growing up within a minority ethnic group in the UK
2. Influences this has on an individual’s identity

Question 59

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find what?

Answer 59

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection

Question 60

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection.
Who (what year) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to do what?

Answer 60

Cashmore and Troyna (1990) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards’

Question 61

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection.
Cashmore and Troyna (1990) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards,’ to seek what as a response to the racism that they experience?

Answer 61

Cashmore and Troyna (1990) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards,’ to seek support from within their own ethnic community as a response to the racism that they experience

Question 62

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection.
Cashmore and Troyna (1990) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards,’ to seek support from within their own ethnic community as a response to the racism that they experience.
Thus what may be strengthened?

Answer 62

Thus:
1. Religion
2. Culture
may be strengthened

Question 63

The response of those from ethnic minorities to racism may be to find ways in which their ethnicity can be used as a form of protection.
Cashmore and Troyna (1990) argue that there will be a tendency for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards,’ to seek support from within their own ethnic community as a response to the racism that they experience.
Thus religion and culture may be strengthened, as they become what?

Answer 63

Thus religion and culture may be strengthened, as they become key sources of:

1. Identity
2. Support

Question 64

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, who (what year) considers the what against multiculturalism?

Answer 64

For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism

Question 65

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
Policies have been designed to achieve what?

Answer 65

Policies have been designed to achieve equality

Question 66

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
Policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as what?

Answer 66

Policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community

Question 67

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white what people feel what?

Answer 67

As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically

Question 68

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically, have reacted with what at what?

Answer 68

As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people:

1. Feel under pressure economically
2. Have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities

Question 69

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically, have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities (for example what)?

Answer 69

As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically, have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities (for example:
1. Refugees
Or,
2. Asylum seekers
being offered council housing first)

Question 70

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically, have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities (for example refugees or asylum seekers being offered council housing first) and feel the need to do what?

Answer 70

As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people:

1. Feel under pressure economically
2. Have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities (for example refugees or asylum seekers being offered council housing first)
3. Feel the need to defend their ethnic identity

Question 71

There have also been studies on the white British ethnic identity.
For example, Hewitt (2005) considers the white ‘backlash’ against multiculturalism.
As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people feel under pressure economically, have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities (for example refugees or asylum seekers being offered council housing first) and feel the need to defend their ethnic identity (for instance political groups such as what)?

Answer 71

As policies have been designed to achieve equality, but have been seen as unfair to the white community, the white working class people:

1. Feel under pressure economically
2. Have reacted with anger at supposed positive discrimination in favour of ethnic minorities
3. Feel the need to defend their ethnic identity (for instance political groups such as EDL)

Question 72

Ethnic identities may be becoming more what?

Answer 72

Ethnic identities may be becoming more hybrid

Question 73

Ethnic identities may be becoming more hybrid, as those from what and those of what origin are all influenced by what?

Answer 73

Ethnic identities may be becoming more hybrid, as those from ethnic minorities and those of white British origin are all influenced by:

1. Each other’s cultures
2. The media

Question 74

Postmodernists may argue that in a what society such as the contemporary UK today, identity is all about what?

Answer 74

Postmodernists may argue that in a:
1. Globalised
2. Media-saturated
society such as the contemporary UK today, identity is all about choice

Question 75

Postmodernists may argue that in a globalised and media-saturated society such as the contemporary UK today, identity is all about choice - Everyone can choose their own identity and ethnic hybridity means that ethnicity is becoming what?

Answer 75

Postmodernists may argue that in a globalised and media-saturated society such as the contemporary UK today, identity is all about choice - Everyone can choose their own identity and ethnic hybridity means that ethnicity is becoming less:

1. Clear-cut
2. Significant

Question 76

Postmodernists may argue that in a globalised and media-saturated society such as the contemporary UK today, identity is all about choice - Everyone can choose their own identity and ethnic hybridity means that ethnicity is becoming less clear-cut and less significant
However, some would disagree, arguing that ethnicity and race what?

Answer 76

Some would disagree, arguing that ethnicity and race:

1. Are still sources of discrimination
2. Hugely affect identity