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Sociololgy A Level OCR > 2.2: Conflict theories - Marxism > Flashcards

2.2: Conflict theories - Marxism Flashcards

1
Q

Conflict theories

A

Conflict theories are ideas about society that regard society as being based on:
1. Inequality
rather than
2. Equality and consensus

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2
Q

Marxism is a what theory?

A 
Marxism is a:
1. Macro
2. Structural
2. Conflict
theory
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3
Q

Capitalism

A

Capitalism is an:
1. Economic
2. Political
system

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4
Q

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which what?

A

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s:
1. Trade
2. Industry
are controlled by private owners for profit

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5
Q

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by what?

A

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s:
1. Trade
2. Industry
are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state (government)

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6
Q

The upper class is usually what?

A 
The upper class is usually:
1. British
2. White
3. Rich
men
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7
Q 
The upper class is usually British, white, rich men.
There are no what in the upper class?
A 
There are no:
1. Women
2. Working class or lower class
Or,
3. Ethnic minorities
in the upper class
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8
Q

What is the opposite of Capitalism?

A

Communism is the opposite of Capitalism

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9
Q

Communism

A

Communism is a theory or system of social organisation in which:

  1. All property is owned by the community
  2. Each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs
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10
Q

Where does Communism exist today?

A

Communism exists today in some countries such as:

  1. China
  2. Vietnam
  3. North Korea
  4. Cuba
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11
Q

Most societies are what?

A

Most societies are Capitalist

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12
Q

Most societies are Capitalist; very few are what?

A

Most societies are Capitalist; very few are Communist

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13
Q

What is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology?

A

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology

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14
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of who?

A

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the:
1. German writer
2. Political revolutionary
Karl Marx

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15
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (what years)?

A

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the:
1. German writer
2. Political revolutionary
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)

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16
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from who, are based on what?

A

Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple:
1. Hunting
2. Gathering
societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not

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17
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of what, such as the UK and the US, as what?

A

Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the:
1. UK
2. US
,as capitalist societies

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18
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a what?

A

They are based on a:

  1. Ruling class of capitalists
  2. Working class
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19
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who do what, and a working class?

A

They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who:
1. Own capital or wealth
2. Invest it in running businesses to make a profit
,and a working class

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20
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising what?

A

They are based on a:

  1. Ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit
  2. Working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth
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21
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to do what for wages?

A

They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who:

  1. Have little or no wealth
  2. Therefore have to work for wages
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22
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this a what system?

A

Marx argued that this is an:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
system

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23
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to where?

A

Marx argued that this is an:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists)

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24
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists), while the labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by who?

A

Marx argued that this an unequal and exploitative system, in which:
1. Most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists)
,while
2. The labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by the workers

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25
Q

Marxism is probably the most influential conflict theory in sociology and derives from the ideas of the German writer and political revolutionary Karl Marx (1818 - 1883).
Marx argued that historically all societies, apart from the most simple hunting and gathering societies, are based on class divisions between those who benefit from the economic system and those who do not.
Marx described the economic system of modern industrial societies, such as the UK and the USA, as capitalist societies.
They are based on a ruling class of capitalists, people who own capital or wealth and invest it in running businesses to make a profit, and a working class, comprising the majority of people who have little or no wealth and who therefore have to work for wages.
Marx argued that this is an unequal and exploitative system, in which most of the profits created by businesses go to the owners (or capitalists), while the labour (or work) to create this wealth is performed by the workers.
Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of what?

A

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position

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26
Q

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would do what?

A

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and:

  1. Overthrow capitalism
  2. Create a communist society
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27
Q

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production would be what?

A

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production would be:

  1. Taken over by the workers
  2. Run for the benefit of everyone
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28
Q

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production (such as what) would be taken over by the workers and run for the benefit of everyone?

A

Marx argued that eventually the working class would become aware of their exploited position and would overthrow capitalism and would create a communist society, where the means of production (such as:
1. Farms
2. Factories
3. Other businesses)
would be taken over by the workers and run for the benefit of everyone

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29
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies are being just as unequal and exploitative as they were when?

A

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as:
1. Unequal
2. Exploitative
as they were in the 19th century

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30
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most what societies, there is little sign of the what that Marx foresaw as inevitable?

A

Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable

31
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as who (what year) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by doing what?

A

Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived:
1. Not simply by forcing workers to accept the system
,but
2. By developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs)

32
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that do what?

A

Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify:

  1. The capitalist system
  2. Its class ideologies
33
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include what?

A

Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include:

  1. The education system
  2. Mass media
  3. Families
  4. Even religious organisations
34
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
Example

A 
For example, the media in the form of:
1. TV
2. Newspapers
3. Cinema
4. Pop music
helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable
35
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see what as a priority?

A

For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to:

  1. Entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable
  2. Also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority
36
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from what in society?

A

All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society

37
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society and creates what Marx called what?

A

All of this:

  1. Diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society
  2. Creates what Marx called ‘false consciousness’
38
Q

Marxists today see capitalist societies as being just as unequal and exploitative as they were in the 19th century.
However, Marxists today would accept that in most Western societies, there is little sign of the communist revolution that Marx foresaw as inevitable.
Modern Marxists such as Louis Althusser (1971) argue that capitalist societies have survived not simply by forcing workers to accept the system, but by developing ideological state apparatuses (ISAs).
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) transmit ideas that justify the capitalist system and its class ideologies.
Ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) include the education system, mass media, families and even religious organisations.
For example, the media in the form of TV, newspapers, cinema and pop music helps to entertain the workers and make their lives more bearable and also encourage them to see the consumption of goods created by capitalist businesses as a priority.
All of this diverts attention away from the real inequalities in society and creates what Marx called ‘false consciousness.’
‘False consciousness’ is whereby the working class cannot see what and are unaware of what?

A

‘False consciousness’ is whereby the working class:

  1. Cannot see any alternative to the existing system
  2. Are unaware of the exploitation
39
Q

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on what?

A

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society

40
Q

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which what?

A

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society

41
Q

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society, such as what?

A

Though Marxism is a conflict theory, it is similar to functionalism in that it also focuses on structures in society, particularly the way in which the economic system shapes other aspects of society, such as:

  1. Families
  2. Schools
  3. The mass media
42
Q

The superstructure includes what?

A

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society

43
Q

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example what?

A

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example:

  1. Families
  2. The education system
44
Q

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by what?

A

The superstructure:

  1. Includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system
  2. Is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure
45
Q

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure.
The infrastructure is what?

A

The infrastructure is the economic system that provides for people’s material needs

46
Q 
In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideologies) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marxists also examine the role of what in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism?
A

Marxists also examine the role of:
1. Mass media
2. Advertising
in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism

47
Q

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideologies) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to divert attention away from exploitation.
Marxists talk about commodity fetishism.
What is commodity fetishism?

A

Commodity fetishism is the idea that people worship consumer goods

48
Q

The superstructure includes all of the cultural institutions of society, for example families and the education system, and is shaped by the requirements of the infrastructure.
The infrastructure is the economic system that provides for people’s material needs.
The what are shaped by the economy to control the what and further the what?

A

The law, the family, religion and the education system are shaped by the economy to:

  1. Control the proletariat
  2. Further the gains of the bourgeoisie
49
Q

The proletariat

A

The proletariat is the working class

50
Q

The bourgeoise

A

The bourgeoise is the capitalist upper class

51
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from when onwards?

A

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards

52
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more what view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism?

A

Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism

53
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since when, social inequalities have widened where?

A

Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies

54
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on what, offers a plausible explanation of this?

A

Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this

55
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
Example

A

For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests

56
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still do what under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it?

A

It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it

57
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on what of class?

A

Marxism also mainly focuses on what Marxism also mainly focuses on:
1. Divisions
2. Inequalities
of class

58
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on divisions and inequalities of class.
Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create what in society?

A

Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant:
1. Divisions
2. Conflicts
in society

59
Q

Marxism became one of the most influential approaches to sociology from the 1960s onwards and Marx’s ideas have been interpreted in a number of different ways by different groups of sociologists.
Many sociologists are attracted to Marxism, because it offers a more critical view of capitalist societies than theories such as functionalism.
Since the 1980s, social inequalities have widened in many Western societies.
Marxism, with its focus on the way the capitalist system benefits the wealthiest groups, offers a plausible explanation of this.
However, Marxists have also faced criticism from other sociologists.
For example, the idea that the working class are ‘brainwashed’ into a false consciousness by capitalist ideology has been attacked for suggesting that people are not conscious of their own interests.
It could be argued that although capitalist societies are very unequal, most of the working class still enjoy a much higher standard of living under capitalism than in the societies that preceded it.
Marxism also mainly focuses on divisions and inequalities of class.
Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant divisions and conflicts in society, such as those based on what?

A

Other sociologists have argued that other forms of inequality may also create significant divisions and conflicts in society, such as those based on:

  1. Gender
  2. Nationalism
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Religion
60
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are based how?

A

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based

61
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
What does this mean?

A

This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs

62
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as what?

A

This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as:

  1. Food
  2. Clothing
  3. Shelter
63
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
What is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs?

A

Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs

64
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the what class) has done what?

A

Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has:

  1. Taken control of the way in which the economy is organised
  2. Exploited the remainder of society to carry out the production
65
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has taken control of the way in which the economy is organised and has exploited the remainder of society (the what) to carry out the production?

A

Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has:

  1. Taken control of the way in which the economy is organised
  2. Exploited the remainder of society (the subject class) to carry out the production
66
Q

Karl Marx argued that all humans societies are economically based.
This means that they are organised in order to provide their members’ material needs, such as food, clothing and shelter.
Culture is a reflection of the kind of economic system that provides for these material needs.
Marx argued that in most societies, one class of people (the ruling class) has taken control of the way in which the economy is organised and has exploited the remainder of society (the subject class) to carry out the production.
What does this cause?

A

This causes a conflict of interests between these 2 classes

67
Q

In a capitalist society, the ruling class what help to maintain their position of power?

A

In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power

68
Q 
In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power.
What are cultural values dominated by?
A

Cultural values are dominated by ruling class:

  1. Ideas
  2. Values
69
Q 
In a capitalist society, the ruling class ideas (ideology) help to maintain their position of power.
Cultural values are dominated by ruling class ideas and values.
Marx argued that the role of social institutions such as the family, education system and the media is to do what?
A

Marx argued that the role of social institutions such as the family, education system and the media is to socialise the working class into accepting ruling class culture

70
Q

Marxists also examine the role of what in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism?

A

Marxists also examine the role of:
1. Mass media
2. Advertising
in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism

71
Q

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
What does this produce?

A

This produces false needs

72
Q

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to do what?

A

This:

  1. Produces false needs
  2. Helps to divert attention away from exploitation
73
Q

Marxists also examine the role of mass media and advertising in convincing people that they need more and more things produced by capitalism.
This produces false needs and helps to divert attention away from exploitation.
Marxists talk about the concept of what?

A

Marxists talk about the concept of commodity fetishism

Sociololgy A Level OCR (53 decks)

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