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Med Surg 2 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

what does TNM mean

A

Tumor Node Metastasis

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2
Q

What does 0-4 mean with TMN

A 
T0: No evidence of primary tumor
T1: Tumor invades mucosa
T2: Tumor invades tissue
T3: Tumor invades lymph system
T4 Tumor invades other organs
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3
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer death in the US

A

Lung Cancer

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4
Q

what is the main cause of lung cancer

A

smoking, environment, radon gas

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5
Q

how should a person be taught to avoid skin cancer

A

don’t get sun burned, wear sun screen, don’t go tanning

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6
Q

What are common warning signs of some cancers

A 
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening/lump in breast/other tissue
Indigestion/swallowing difficulties
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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7
Q

Normal platelet level

A

150,000-450,000

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8
Q

normal WBC

A

5,000-10,000

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9
Q

normal RBC

A

4-6 million

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10
Q

normal Hg

A

12-18

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11
Q

normal Hct

A

38%-48%

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12
Q

too few of the blood cells

A

penia

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13
Q

too many blood cells

A

osis

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14
Q

What is extravasation

A

leaking into surrounding tissues - eating into tissue

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15
Q

what are symptoms of extravasation

A

pain, swelling, blistering, tenderness, erythema

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16
Q

what is the first step when a nurse notices this

A

stop the infusion

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17
Q

what are treatments for extravasation

A

stop infusion!
antidote
DMSO - soothes, helps with healing

18
Q

what is the most common side effect of chemotherapy

A

vomiting, nausea

19
Q

what are treatments for vomiting

A

antiemetics

20
Q

What are other common side effects of chemo

A

less saliva: fluids, swabs, frequent mouth care, don’t floss
Anemia: bleeding precautions
Alopecia (hairloss): wig, hats, vitamin E
Vomiting: antiemetic - zofran, replenish fluids, soft foods, suck on hard candy

21
Q

How would you instruct a chemo/radiation client to complete oral hygiene

A

frequent mouth care, saliva substitute, use a neutral mouth wash

22
Q

what does palliative care mean

A

helps relieve uncomfortable symptoms or prolongs life

23
Q

can a patient receive chemo, radiation or surgery on hospice

A

yes, but discouraged

24
Q

How does a nurse protect himself from cytotoxic drugs when preparing to give them to a patient

A

Oral: wear chemo safety gloves, never crush, cut
IV: prepare under a hood - wear gown, glove, mask

25
Q

When a patient is receiving chemo, how should his secretions be handled

A

sit to void, flush toilet with lid down, proper disposal of chemo wastes

26
Q

What is HPV vaccine called

A

Gardasul

27
Q

what is the HPV vaccine given to prevent

A

cervical cancer

28
Q

what does metastasis mean

A

growth of cancer away from primary site

29
Q

what is benign cancer

A

doesn’t spread - slow growing, not life threatening

30
Q

what is malignant cancer

A

spreads, invasive

31
Q

What are the 4 main stages of cancer

A

Stage 1: localized
Stage 2: early local tissue
Stage 3: advanced local lymph nodes
Stage 4: Metastasized

32
Q

What should the client be told about pregnancy and reproduction while receiving chemo or radiation

A

don’t get pregnant or use birth control

33
Q

What are radiation precautions when caring for a client admitted to the hospital with a radioactive implant

A

time - spend little time with them
distance - far away 3-6 ft
protection - lead barrier

34
Q

If a person expresses concern about dying, what should the nurse do

A

let them talk about it, be there to support them

35
Q

what is the best intervention when a nurse has a client that does not understand english very well

A

get a translator

36
Q

what is the main concern when a person is preparing to receive a bone marrow transplant

A

very susceptible to infection

also have low WBC, RBC, and Platelets

37
Q

what are signs of kidney failure

A

high BUN and Creatinine, less urine output

38
Q

what lab tests are done to determine kidney failure

A

BUN an Creatinine

39
Q

what are signs of liver failure

A

jaundice, high liver enzymes, high bilirubin

40
Q

what lab tests are done to determine liver failure

A

liver enzymes, bilirubin

41
Q

what class of medication is Epoeitin Alpha (Epogen, Procrit)

A

colony stimulating factor

42
Q

what does epoeitin alpha do

A

makes red blood cells

Med Surg 2 (8 decks)

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