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Psychology 235 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

Middle Childhood -Biosocial

1
Q

What is the healthiest period in childhood?

A

Middle Childhood - ages 6-11

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2
Q

Growth and Strengths

  • Growth is slow and steady; self-care is easy
  • Children depend less on their families
  • Muscles become stronger, can run faster
  • Are able to eat enough, or too much
  • Earlier malnutrition is evident in height
  • Improved medical and oral care in the U.S
A

Study Facts

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3
Q

The following are all benefits of __________ _________?

  • Better overall health, including less asthma
  • Less obesity
  • Appreciation of cooperation and fair play
  • Improved problem-solving ability
  • Respect for teammates and opponents of many -ethnicities and nationalities
A

Physical Activity

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4
Q

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by…

A

… A person’s body weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.

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5
Q

In a child, having a BMI above the 85th percentile.

A

Overweight

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6
Q

In a child, having a BMI above the 95th percentile.

A

Obesity

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7
Q

Social influences on obesity:

A

school lunches, snack machines, subsidies for corn oil but not fresh veggies, food advertising, etc.

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8
Q

Parenting influences on obesity:

A

infants not breast fed, too much T.V., drink soda, no exercise, poor family eating habits

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9
Q

___________can be genetically predisposed

A

Heredity

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10
Q

A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that makes it difficult to breathe.

Signs and symptoms include :
wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

A

Asthma

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11
Q

______________children are overprotected from viruses and bacteria

A

Contemporary

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12
Q

Some experts suggest a __________ _________ for the current increase in all allergies.

A

hygiene hypothesis

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13
Q

3 Preventions of Asthma

A

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

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14
Q

Prevention of Asthma

-changes in society such as better ventilation, less pollution, etc.

A

Primary

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15
Q

Prevention of Asthma

-decrease among high-risk children by breast feeding, family exercise, less dust, smoke and cockroaches

A

Secondary:

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16
Q

Prevention of Asthma

-prompt use of injections, inhalers and hypoallergenic materials

A

Tertiary:

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17
Q

Maturing corpus callosum helps ______ and _____

A

balance and two-handed coordination

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18
Q

Myelination speeds up ______ and _______.

A

thought & behavior

19
Q

Prefrontal cortex begins to ______,_____ and ______.

A

plan, monitor and evaluate

20
Q

time it takes to respond to a stimulus physically or cognitively

A

Reaction time:

21
Q

ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others

A

Selective attention:

22
Q

process in which repetition of a sequence of thoughts & actions makes the sequence routine

A

Automatization:

23
Q

The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge

A

Aptitude:

24
Q

____ ______ is a test designed to measure intellectual aptitude.

A

IQ test:

25
Q

Originally, intelligence was defined as ______age divided by __________ age, times 100–hence the term intelligence quotient, or IQ.

A

Mental age divided by chronological age

26
Q

_____ test is a measure of mastery or proficiency in reading, mathematics, writing, science, or some other subject.

A

Achievement test:

27
Q

The most important for school-age children is ________ aptitude, or the ability to learn in school, which is usually measured by an IQ test

A

intellectual aptitude

28
Q

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.

A

Flynn effect -

29
Q

Critisisms of testing

  • No test can measure the complexities of the human brain
  • Studies show that people inherit a set of abilities and not a general intellectual ability
  • Scores on tests change
A

Facts to study

30
Q

Robert Sternberg (1996) 3 multiple intelligences:

A

− Academic: IQ and achievement tests
− Creative: imaginative endeavors
− Practical: everyday problem solving

31
Q

These are significant in adulthood when practical intelligence is more relevant than academic intelligence.

A

The three intelligences

Academic, Creative and Practical

32
Q 
Howard Gardner (1983, 1999, 2006)    
    − 9 intelligences are: 
− people excel in some more than others
− influential in education, especially with children
A

linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existential

33
Q

Brain scan facts:

  • One way to measure the mind is to measure the brain
  • Interpretations of brain scans are controversial
  • Brain fitness correlates with physical fitness
A

*

34
Q

Links the study of typical development with the study of disorders.

A

Developmental Psychopathology

35
Q

presence of 2 or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person

A

Comorbid-

36
Q

A condition in which a person is inattentive, impulsive, and overactive and thus has great difficulty concentrating for more than a few moments

A

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD):

37
Q

A condition where the person has extreme mood swings that are not caused by outside experiences.

A

Bipolar disorder:

38
Q

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment.

A

Learning disability:

39
Q

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment.

A

Dyslexia:

40
Q

developmental disorder marked by an inability to relate to other people normally, extreme self-absorption, and an inability to acquire normal speech.

A

Autism:

41
Q

Any of several disorders characterized by impaired communication, inadequate social skills, and unusual patterns of play.

A

Autistic spectrum disorder:

42
Q

disorder characterized by extreme attention to details and deficient social understanding.

A

Asperger syndrome-

43
Q

Changing laws and practices:
−least restrictive environment (LRE)
−response to intervention
−individual education plan (IEP)

A

*

Psychology 235 (24 decks)

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