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BIOL-3202 > Digestive System Lab Manual > Flashcards

Digestive System Lab Manual Flashcards

1
Q

2 components of the oral cavity

A

teeth and tongue

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2
Q

components of “digestive tubes”

A

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

accessory glands

A

salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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4
Q

the oral mucosa, aka the ___ ___ is composed of ____ ___ epithelium with an underlying loose connective tissue layer called ___ ____

A

the oral mucosa, aka the MUCOUS MEMBRANE is composed of STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS epithelium with an underlying loose connective tissue layer called LAMINA PROPRIA

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5
Q

the submucosa is aka the ___ ___. What does it contain?

A

RETICULAR LAYER. Contains blood vessels, neres, sensory receptors and lymphatics

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6
Q

3 different types of oral mucosa

A

lining mucosa, masticatory mucosa, specialized mucosa.

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7
Q

most of the oral cavity such as the cheeks, soft palate, lips, floor of tongue, alveolar surfaces etc. are lined with ___ mucosa and ___ ___. What kind of epithelium composes this type of mucosa?

A

most of the oral cavity such as the cheeks, soft palate, lips, floor of tongue, alveolar surfaces etc. are lined with LINING mucosa and LAMINA PROPRIA. Lining mucosa is composed of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

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8
Q

sense connective tissue ___ underlies the lamina properia

A

submucosa.

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9
Q

accessory salivary glands can be found in the ___ layer

A

submucosa.

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10
Q

in addition to accessory salivary glands, what kind of features are housed in the submucosa?

A

skeletal muscles such as the orbicularis oris surrounding the mouth.

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11
Q

where would you find masticatory mucosa?

A

in regions where abrasion due to chewing is most severe. Therefore, gums and inside of cheeks and HARD PALATE

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12
Q

what are gingivae

A

gums

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13
Q

Connective tissue ___ project into the base of the epithelium. Why?

A

PAPILLAE. anchors the lining mucosa’s epithelium to the LAMINA PROPRIA and prevents separation of the two layers.

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14
Q

Difference between the epithelium of masticatory and lining mucosa’s epithelium?

A

masticatory mucosa has keratinized epithelium (or parakeratinized when the cells retain their nuclei) and the papillae are deeper and more abundant than in lining mucosa. the masticatory mucosa has more papillae because it must resist more shearing forces associated with chewing.

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15
Q

What kind of adaptation does the lamina propria of masticatory mucosa have to provide further anchorage?

A

the lamina propria may have fibers to intertwine directly with the periosteum of the mandible to provide firm anchorage.

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16
Q

specialized mucosa is found on:

A

the tongues dorsal surface.

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17
Q

main functions of oral cavity

A

1) digestion of carbs/starch by saliva 2) mechanical digestion of food by breaking up by teeth to form bolus

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18
Q

baby teeth are aka

A

deciduous teeth

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19
Q

how many deciduous teeth

A

20

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20
Q

the 20 deciduous teeth are replaced by ___ permanent teeth

A

32

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21
Q

Discuss the distribution of adult teeth

A

2 incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars on each side.

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22
Q

portion of the tooth that projects above the gingivae

A

crown

23
Q

the crown is covered by ___

A

enamel

24
Q

what is enamel composed of?

A

95% calcium salts, 5% organic substacnes.

25
Q

below the gumline, roots project into ___.

A

roots project into ALVEOLI (sockets) in the bone.

26
Q

roots of a tooth are covered by ___

A

CEMENTUM.

27
Q

TF: cementum contains haversian systems like normal bone

A

false. it does not have haversian systems and blood vessels like normal bone.

28
Q

the fibrous ___ ___ connects the cementum with the alveolar bone and acts as its ___

A

the fibrous PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT connects the cementum with the alveolar bone and acts as its PERIOSTEUM

29
Q

the constriction at the junction of the crown and roots is known as the __

A

neck

30
Q

internally, the tooth consists of bone-like ___, and a ___ cavity. What are both components made of?

A

bone-like DENTIN (70% calcium salts) and a PULP CAVITY (loose connective tissue with NERVES of DENTAL PULP)

31
Q

what nerves are located in the loose connective tissue of the pulp cavity?

A

dental pulp

32
Q

the ____ is a mucous membrane that covers the bone tissue of the maxilla and mandible up to the tooth’s enamel. what epithelium is it composed of?

A

GINGIVA- a mucous membrane made of KERATINIZED stratified squamous epithelium.

33
Q

How do baby teeth develop? Explain the process

A

from an invagination of thickened EMBRYONIC oral epithelium called the DENTAL LAMINA in each jaw. 1) dental lamina dilates and forms an enamel organ 2) in the enamel organ, mesenchyme begins to form the dental papilla. Enamel organ becomes CAP SHAPED and grows AROUND the dental papilla. 3) it now comprises continuous layers of epithelium: inner and outer enamel epithelium. 4) ameloblasts differentiate from the INNER enamel epithelium. 5) Odontoblasts form between ameloblasts and dental papilla, to secrete DENTIN 6) enamel organ continues to grow to form the crown. 7) connective tissue around the enamel forms the DENTAL FOLLICLE: precursor of the periodontal ligament and cementum 8) odontoblasts secrete dentin between the odontoblast and ameloblast layer

34
Q

What is the precursor of the periodontal ligament?

A

Dental follicle, made from differentiated connective tissue around the enamel.

35
Q

odontoblasts secrete ___ between the odontoblast and ____ layer

A

odontoblasts secrete dentin between the odontoblast and ameloblast layer

36
Q

odontoblasts have cytoplasmic processes that stay in th dentin known as

A

dentinal tubules.

37
Q

ameloblasts deposit ____ next to the dentin, which are secreted by:

A

depost ENAMEL next to the dentin, which are secreted by odontoblasts.

38
Q

T/F: You can grow your enamel as an adult

A

false. ameloblasts die about the time a tooth erupts through the gum surface, and no new enamel can be formed.

39
Q

How is skeletal muscle arranged in the tongue?

A

arranged in horizontal, transverse, and longitudinal bands.

40
Q

what is in the between the muscle and epithelial (mucous) layers of the tongue?

A

LOOSE connective tissue LAMINA PROPRIA. Has occasional mucous and serous salivary glands.

41
Q

Label

A

B= alveolar socket bone

GP= gingival pocket

P= pulp cavity containing dental pulp

D= dentin

E= ennamel

G= gingivae (gums)
C= cementum (between dentin and periodontal ligament/bone)

BV= blood vessel

PL= periodontal ligaments.

42
Q

periodontal ligaments are made of:

A

collagenous connective tissue. Collagen fibers are anchored in the cementum surrounding the dentin, and penetrate the cone as SHARPEYS FIBERS

43
Q

T/F: periodontal ligaments are vascular

A

true.

44
Q

4 types of papillae on the dorsal surface of tongue

A

1) filiform
2) fungiform
3) circumvallate
4) foliate

45
Q

most keratinized type of tongue papillae. What is its function?

A

filiform papillae. Very keratinized and gives the tongue a grey coloration. Lacks taste buds. Has rough surface to assist in mixing of food during mechanical digestion

46
Q

Why are fungiform papillae red?

A

because they have VERY little keratinized/not keratinized at all surfaece, making it relatively transparent. It is then very vascularized, so the blood vessels show up, giving it the characteristic red apparance.

47
Q

which type of papillae contains the most taste buds? what kind of glands are present?

A

circumvallate papillae near the sulcus terminalis. Surrounded by a cleft where SEROUS VON EBNERS GLANDS drain.

48
Q

3 types of cells of taste buds

A

1) gustatory cells (taste neuroepithelial cells)
2) support cells
4) basal cells

49
Q

which cell of the tastebud is innervated? Which nerves are involved?

A

gustatory cells are innervated by the facial, glosopharyngeal, and vagus nerves

50
Q

which cell of the tastebud produce the other type of taste bud cells

A

basal cells are STEM CELLS that produce both gustatory and support cells.

51
Q

4 layers of the digestive tube walls (lumen to outside)

A

1) mucosa
2) submucosa
3) muscularis externa
4) serosa/adventitia.

52
Q

which epithelium is the mucosa composed of? what is the lamina propria composed of?

A

mucosa is composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Deep to it is the lamina propria, which is made of VASCULAR LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

53
Q

the __ and ___ ___ form the mucous membrane of the gut. After the lamina propria lies the ___ ___, which is one or two thin layers of smooth muscle.

A

epithelium (stratified squamous) and lamina propria. after the lamina propria, there is a muscularis mucosae made of smooth muscle.BUT it is made of skeletal muscle in the PROXUMAL end of the ESOPHAGUS.

BIOL-3202 (41 decks)

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