Female Reproduction 2

Question 1

2 portions of the ovary

Answer 1

1) cortex
2) medulla

Question 2

the ovarian cortex is made up of ___ CT and ___ ____ at various stages of development

Answer 2

loose CT and ovarian follicles

Question 3

the eggs in the ovarian cortex are surrounded and embedded by ____ made of ___ CT

Answer 3

STROMA made of loose connective tissue

Question 4

the ovarian cortex and medulla are surrounded by ___ epithelium and a capsule known as ___ ___>

Answer 4

germinal epithelium and the tunica albuginea

Question 5

T/F: the ovarian medulla contains eggs and follicles

Answer 5

false. no developing eggs in the ara. a bit more condensed loose stroma is present, along with fibers, fibroblasts, arteries and veins.

Question 6

prior to puberty, ___ ___ are found in the outer cortex of the ovary. these __ ___ are formed before birth in early embryo from ___ ___ cells.

Answer 6

prior to puberty, PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES are found in the outer cortex of the ovary. these PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES are formed before birth in early embryo from PRIMORDIAL GERM cells.

Question 7

A PRIMORDIAL follicle contains a primary ___, which is DIPLOID and stuck in the stage of _____ of meiosis. This primary ___ is surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells made of ___ ___ epithelium.

Answer 7

A PRIMORDIAL follicle contains a primary OOCYE which is DIPLOID and stuck in the stage of PROPHASE 1of meiosis. This primary OOCYTE is surrounded by a single layer of follicular (germinal epithelium) cells made of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS epithelium.

a female is born with 300,000 primordial follicles. Follicles containue their development AT PUBERTY when they are induced by various hormones. Before that, they just kind of sit there.

Question 8

Label

Answer 8

o= primary oocytes

arrows = follicle cells (simple squamous)

TA= tunica albuginea made of connective tissue. LIES UNDERNEATH THE SURFACE EPITHLIUM

SE= Surface epithlium (cuboidal cells) aka germinal epithelium

Question 9

outline the follicle development

Answer 9

1) primordial follicle
2) primary follicle
3) secondary follicle
4) vesicular follicle
5) corpus luteum
6) corpus albicans

Question 10

vesicular follicle. Most advanced stage of development. Also referred to ___ ___ . Mostly developed. Contains secondary oocyte, which is ___ (diploid or haploid)

Answer 10

vesicular follicle. Most advanced stage of development. Also referred to graphian follicle. Mostly developed. Contains secondary oocyte which is diploid until the last minute, when it splits to haploid

Question 11

at puberty, ___ hormone is released which causes primordial follicles to become ____. These ____ follicles consist of:

Answer 11

FSDH hormone causes primordial follicles to become primary follicles which consist of

primary oocyte surrounded by 1-2 layers of cuboidal cells. This is the INITIAL UNILAMINAR STAGE

Question 12

after the primary oocyte in the primary follicle has undergone the initial unilaminar stage, the MULTILAMINAR STAGE OCCURS. what happens at this tage?

Answer 12

through maturation, the primary oocyte creates a granular envelope of GRANULOSA CELLS and the zona pellucida, which is required for sperm binding.

Question 13

label

Answer 13

this is a primary follicle. PF= primordial follicles and their flattened follicle cells (ARROWS= squamous cells of follicle cells surrounding the primary oocyte)

UG= unilaminar primary follicles – follicle cells and granulosa cells form a single cuboidal layer around the large primary oocyte.

b) this is a MULTIPLAYERED PRIMARY FOLLICLE. G= granulosa cells have now formed several layers, and the ZONA PELLUCIDA (ZP) is in between the oocyte and the granulosa cells.

Question 14

Between the very large oocyte surface of a primary follicle and the granulosa cells is a fibrous layer of extracellular material, the ___ ___

Answer 14

zona pellucida

Question 15

primary follicles become ___ follicles.

Answer 15

secondary antrum follicles

Question 16

the secondary follicle contains 4 “layers”:

Answer 16

1) antrum: filled with fluid within the granulosa
2) enlarged primary oocyte, positioned at one side of the follicle
3) corona radiata: left over part of the granulosa cells
4) theca folliculi (protective layers surrounding the granulosa and the antrum). Has INTERNA and EXTERNA components.

Question 17

label

Answer 17

A= antral follicle. this is a large cavity filled with fluid. appears in the granulosa layer.

o= oocyte.

zp= zone pellucida

G= granulosa cells

TI= theca interna

TE= theca externa.

b) a graafian fillcile. oocyte projects into the fluid a bit more. also known as the vesicular follicle. the corona radiata cells are linked to the oocyte via gap junctions between processes that cross the zona pellucida.

CO= cumulus oophorus: connects the corona radiata and zona pellucida and oocyte to the granulsa cells.

Question 18

the secondary follicles develop into ___ ___

Answer 18

graafian follicles (vesicular follicles)

Question 19

the ___ ____ connects the corona radiata, zona pellucida and oocyte to the granulosa cells in the grafiaan follicle

Answer 19

the cumuus oophorus

Question 20

the granulosa cells around the oocyte are nown as the ___ ___

Answer 20

corona radiata

Question 21

for the most part, the graafian follicle still contains a ____ secondary oocyte and a first polar body, which is a reminent of meiosis 1. both these structures are connected to the ___ ____.

Answer 21

for the most part, the graafian follicle still contains a HAPLOID secondary oocyte and a first polar body, which is a reminent of meiosis 1. both these structures are connected to the ZONA PELLUCIDA.

• the polar body remains in the zona pellucida.

Question 22

at ovulation, the graafian follicle rupstures and the secondary oopcyte, zona pellucida, and cells of the corona radiata are released. if fertilization occurs, then the secondary oocyte compeltes _____ and forms:

Answer 22

secondary oopcyte completes meiosis 2 and forms

1) mature oocyte
2) second polar body. therefore, you have 2 polar bodies, the second polar body usualy degenerates.

Question 23

T/F: granulosa cells are releaed during ovulation

Answer 23

false. the oocyte, zona pellucida and the cells of the corona radiata are released, but granulosa cells remain .

Question 24

what happens to the graphian follicle after ovulation

Answer 24

becomes the corpus luterum. the theca externa of the graphian follicle collapses and the granulosa cells and the theca interna enlarges, forming the corpus luteum.

Question 25

2 main clels of the corpus luteru.

Answer 25

: 1) granulosa lutein cells: formed by granulosa cells of the old G.follicle. Produces and secretes progesterone.

2) theca lutein cells, formed by theca interna. Secretes estrogen.

Question 26

what is this

Answer 26

this is the corpus luteum

TL= theca lutein cells that secrete estrogen

GL= granulosa lutein cells, producing progesterone.

Question 27

if the secondary oocyte is fertilizd, the corpus luteum is ___, but if the secondary isn’t, the corpus luteum ___ to form a scar of connective tissue known as the ___ ___.

Answer 27

f the secondary oocyte is fertilizd, the corpus luteum is MAINTAINED (made of the granulosa and theca interna while the oocyte is released) but if the secondary isn’t, the corpus luteum DEGENERATES to form a scar of connective tissue known as the CORPUS ALBICANS.

Question 29

the corpus albicans consists of:

Answer 29

collagen and fibroblasts. it gradually becomes very small and then gets lost.

Question 30

label

Answer 30

corpus albicans

Question 31

• Each cycle 20-30 follicles begin to develop but generally only one matures to a Graafian follicle
• ~ 450 secondary oocytes are liberated by ovulation (considering reproductive life of about 35-40 years)
• Others degenerate and become____ ____

Answer 31

corpora atretica

Question 32

what is a dermoid cyst

Answer 32

development of sebaceous glands and hair follicles within the ovary. often benign, but weird.

Question 33

what is uterine leiomyoma

Answer 33

known as fibroids. development of fibrous nodules in the uterus.

Question 34

a mature graadian follicle contains a primary oocyte in prophase 1 until hours before ovulation, when mieosis I is completed. the presence of a first polar body indicates a secondary oocyte, which is now haploid.

Question 35

primary oocytes are found in:

Answer 35

1) all primordial follicles
2) all primary follicles
3) all secondary follicles
- mature graafian follicles also contain primary oocytes until hours before ovulation, where the primary oocytes complete meiosis 1 and then become secondary oocytes.

if fertilized, then the secondary oocyte+sperm goes into meiosis 2, and the second polar body degenerates

Question 36

label

Answer 36

Question 37

label

Answer 37

note: the secondary follicle still contains the primary oocyte

Question 38

what is this

Answer 38

corpus luteum of pregnancy. looks yellow, and is maintained by HCG levels.