Ex 38 Digestive System histology

Question 1

The digestive system:

a. Eliminates undigested food
b. provides the body with nutirents
c. Provides the body with h2o
d. All of the above

Answer 1

D. All of the above

Question 2

(Digestion/absorption) occurs when small molecules pass through epithelial cells into the blood for distribution to the body cells

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

The _____ abuts the lumen of the alimentary canal and consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

a. Mucosa
b. Serosa
c. Submucosa

Answer 3

A. Mucosa

Question 4

Wavelike contractions of the digestive tract that propel food through the GI Tract is called?

Answer 4

Peristalsis

Question 5

the ______ is located on the left side of the abdominal cavity and is hidden by the liver and diaphragm

Answer 5

gallbladder

Question 6

true or false

Nearly all nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Located inferior to the diaphragm, the ____ is the largest gland in the body.

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What are the 4 layers surrounding the lumen of the alimentary tract?

Answer 8

Lumen->Mucosa->Submucosa->Muscularis externa->Serosa

Question 9

What is the Mucosa and its function?

Answer 9

It is a wet epithelial membrane against the lumen. The main function of the mucosa are secretions of enzymes, mucus, and hormones, absorption and protection from bacteria

Question 10

What is the function of submucosa?

Answer 10

modaretly dense connective tissue with blood, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid follicles and nerve fibers. the main function is nutrition and protection

Question 11

What is the Muscularis externa and its function?

Answer 11

It is a bilayer of smooth muscle with the inner layer running circulary, and outer layer longitudinally.It acts as a regulator of GI motility

Question 12

What is the serosa and its function?

Answer 12

it is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal. AKA visceral peritoneum. The serosa reduces friction as the digestive system rubs against other organs and the abd wall

Question 13

What are the 3 layers of the Muscularis externa of the stomach?

Answer 13

Out layer: Longitudinal
Mid layer: Circular
Inner: Oblique

Question 14

What do gastric glands do in the stomach?

Answer 14

secrete HCl and hydrolytic enzymes(pepsinogen) which break down proteins

Question 15

After the food is processed in the stomach it resembles a creamy mass called?

Answer 15

Chyme

Question 16

Chyme enters the small intestine through the ________ ________.

Answer 16

Pyloric sphincter

Question 17

what are the cells of the gastric pit? top to bottom

Answer 17

Surface epithelium(mucous cells)
parietal cells
chief cells
Enteroendocrine cells

Question 18

how is pepsin made?

Answer 18

Parietal cells release HCl and chief cells release pesinogen. These two combined make pepsin which breaks down proteins in the stomach

Question 19

What are the 3 subdivisions of the small intestine?

Answer 19

1. Duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 20

at what valve does the small intestine meet the large intestine?

Answer 20

ileocecal valve

Question 21

what 3 things in the small intestine make it more capapble of absorbing nutrients?

Answer 21

microvilli, villi, and circular folds create more surface area

Question 22

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

Where does bile leave the liver? and where does it go to?

Answer 23

common hepatic duct to the duodenum through the bile duct

Question 24

True or False

Bile has no enzymatic action but emulsifies fats.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

When digestive activity is not occurring in the digestive tract, bile backs up into the ___ _____ and enters the __________.

Answer 25

cystic duct, gallbladder

Question 26

what is the structural and functional unit of the liver?

Answer 26

lobules

Question 27

what 3 structures are in the portal triad of the liver?

Answer 27

Bile duct, portal venule, and portal arteriole

Question 28

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 28

to store and concentrate bile

Question 29

hepatic macrophages are AKA? What do they do?

Answer 29

Kupffer cells, removes debris like bacteria from blood.

Question 30

what are the 2 endocrine hormones made by the pancreas?

Answer 30

insulin, glucagon