General medical pathological findings Flashcards
Barrett’s Oesophagus typical pathological changes
Metaplasia of lower oesophagus epithelium to become gastric / intestinal-types epithelium (squamous –>columnar)
Coeliac disease typical pathological changes
Total / sub-total villous atrophy in small bowel
Crypt hyperplasia
Inflammatory cells in mucosa
Terminal ileum
Crohn’s disease typical pathological changes
Macroscopically: Skip lesions (normal bowel between disease segments), Cobblestone appearance, fissured ulcers,
Microscopically: Thickened wall with transmural inflammation, granulomas
Ulcerative colitis typical pathological changes
Large Bowel only
Affects mucosa and submucosa only
Crypt abscesses and superficial ulcers
Acute viral hepatitis typical pathological changes
Swelling of hepatocytes
Necrosis
Alcoholic hepatitis typical pathological changes
Fatty accumulation in cytoplasmic vacuoles
Necrosis
Hyaline material
Haemochromatosis typical pathological changes
Excessive Hepatic iron (shows up blue on Perl’s stain)
Liver cirrhosis typical pathological changes
Macroscopic: macro nodular or micro nodular
Microscopic: fibrous tissue
Asbestos exposure typical pathological changes
Asbestos bodies in lung
Plaques
Pulmonary fibrosis typical pathological changes
Proliferation of type II pneumocytes with thickening of alveolar walls
Diabetic glomerulosclerosis typical pathological changes
Thickened capillary basement membrane
Hodgkin Lymphoma typical pathological changes
Reed-Sternberg cells
Abnormal LN architecture
Myelofibrosis typical pathological changes
Bone marrow fibrosis secondary to fibroblast proliferation
Multiple Myeloma typical pathological changes
Plasma cell proliferation in BM
CRAB (Calcium high, Renal fail, Anaemia, Bone lesions)
Temporal Arteritis Biopsy
Plasma cells, lymphocytes and multinucleate giant cells
