1. The Human Body - Orientation Flashcards
Anatomy is…
the study of the structure of the body and it’s parts
Physiology is…
the study of how the body and it’s parts function
Identify the different levels of structural organisation that make up the human body:
Atoms – eg. Carbon, Hydrogen Molecules – e.g. water, sugar, protein Organelles – e.g. mitochondria Cells – e.g. bone cell Tissues – e.g. connective Organs – e.g. lungs Organ systems – e.g. cardiovascular
List the 4 types of tissues in the body
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Epithelial tissue:
Cells organised to form a covering / lining, and glands - protection, absorption, secretion, filtration
Nervous tissue:
Conducts electrical signals
Muscle tissue:
Specialist cells which contract andshorten
Connective tissue:
Cells organised to provide protection &support, holds things together
Homeostasis:
The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite external changes. Brought about by virtually all body systems.
Parts of Homeostatic Control System:
- Receptor – detects change & sends info to control centre
- Control Centre – determines set point &appropriate response
- Effector – carries out necessary change
Information is sent along the _______ pathway to the control centre
afferent
Information is sent along the _______ pathway to the effector
efferent
Negative feedback:
- Shuts off original stimulus, or reduces intensity of the reaction
- Most common homeostatic control mechanism
Positive feedback:
•Increases or magnifies the change
List the 11 organ systems and their major function:
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Cardiovascular
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Lymphatic
- Urinary
- Endocrine
- Nervous
- Reproductive
