Lecture 3

Question 1

What are basic emotions?

Answer 1

emotions that are distinct at physiological and neurological levels

Question 2

What is the purpose of negative emotions?

Answer 2

emotional preparation for threat and harm

Question 3

What are the five basic negative emotions?

Answer 3

1. Fear
2. Anger
3. Disgust
4. Contempt
5. Sadness

Question 4

What is the purpose of positive emotions?

Answer 4

emotional preparation for motive involvement and satisfaction

Question 5

What are the two basic positive emotions?

Answer 5

1. Joy

2. Interest

Question 6

What is the event and action tendency of fear?

Answer 6

• event: interpretation that a situation if dangerous and is threatening to one’s well-being
• action tendency: flee or protect oneself

Question 7

What is the event and action tendency of anger?

Answer 7

• event: presence of an obstacle to one’s goal pursuit; betrayal
• action tendency: to overcome the obstacle

Question 8

What is the event and action tendency of disgust?

Answer 8

• event: offensive substance, situation or contamination

- action tendency: rejection or get away from the offence

Question 9

What is the event and action tendency of contempt?

Answer 9

• event: negative evaluation of other person’s behaviour

- action tendency: maintain the social hierarchy

Question 10

What is the event and action tendency of sadness?

Answer 10

• event: experiences of separation or failure

- action tendency: self-reflection, take action necessary for restoration

Question 11

Why is fear not anxiety?

Answer 11

anxiety is not directed at anything

Question 12

Why is fear not phobia?

Answer 12

phobias are a strong, irrational, and enduring fear

Question 13

Why is sadness not depression?

Answer 13

depression is more of a lasting state caused by rumination

Question 14

What is the event and action tendency of joy?

Answer 14

• event: desirable outcomes

- action tendency: continue goal striving, play, engage in social interaction

Question 15

What is the event and action tendency of interest?

Answer 15

• event: environmental novelty and complexity

- action tendency: explore, seek out and acquire new information and learn

Question 16

What are the self-conscious emotions?

Answer 16

1. guilt
2. shame
3. embarrassment
4. pride

Question 17

What do self-conscious emotions involve?

Answer 17

critically involve the self

Question 18

When do we develop self-conscious emotions?

Answer 18

• develops sense of self

- social goals involved (not survival goals)

Question 19

What is shame?

Answer 19

• the emotion reaction to our belief that we are inadequate, worthless, and inferior to others
• desire to hide, withdraw and avoid actions that may cause further damage to the self

Question 20

What is guilt?

Answer 20

• the emotional reaction to our belief that our behaviours are bad
• desire to fix behaviours (confess, apologize, repair)

Question 21

What abilities do we require to have self-conscious emotions?

Answer 21

• form stable self-representations
• focus attention on these representations
• put it altogether to general self-evaluation

Question 22

What are self-conscious emotions based on?

Answer 22

one’s own and other’s standards

Question 23

What are the two kinds of pride?

Answer 23

1. Hubris pride

2. Authentic pride

Question 24

What is hubris pride?

Answer 24

• interpreted as smugness

- worked hard and did something good

Question 25

What is authentic pride?

Answer 25

• feeling good about what you did