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Biology 108 > Chapter 16 reproductive reverse > Flashcards

Chapter 16 reproductive reverse Flashcards

1
Q

reverse

sperm production

secrete testosterone

A

Male Reproductive system functions

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2
Q

reverse

testes

A

Male reproductive primary organs

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3
Q

reverse

epididymis

vas deferens

ejaculatory duct

urethra

A

Male reproductive duct system

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4
Q

reverse

seminal vesichles

prostate

bulbourethral gland

A

Male reproductive accessory organs

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5
Q

reverse

scrotum

penis

A

Male external genitalia

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6
Q

reverse

capsule that surrounds each testis

A

Tunica albuginea

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7
Q

reverse

testes lobule containing tightly coiled seminiferous tubules

A

site of sperm production

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8
Q

reverse

support and nourish sperm

regulate sperm production

A

sertoli cells

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9
Q

reverse

produce sperm

A

Spermatogonia

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10
Q

reverse

between seminiferous tubules

produce androgens such as testosterone

A

interstitial cells

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11
Q

reverse

6 meters of coiled tube: found in the superior part of the testis and slong the posterior lateral side

site of sperm maturation and storage

concentration of muscles in the wall of the epididymis expels sperm with the vas deferens

A

Epididymis

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12
Q

reverse

carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

A

Vas Deferens

Ductus Deferens

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13
Q

reverse

smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens create peristaltic waves to squeeze the sperm forward

A

ejaculation

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14
Q

reverse

cutting the vas deferens at the level of the testes to prevent the transportation of sperm

A

vasectomy

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15
Q

reverse

short duct that connects the vas deferens to the urethra

within the prostate gland

A

Ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

reverse

extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis

carries urine and sperm

sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct

A

urethra

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17
Q

reverse

located posterior to the urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid into ejaculatory ducts:

fructose-energy for sperm

60% of final semen volume

A

seminal vesicles

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18
Q

reverse

inferior to urinary bladder

secretes alkaline fluid:

helps activate sperm

enters the urethra through several small ducts

A

prostate gland

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19
Q

reverse

pea sized glands inferior to the prostate

produce a thick clear mucus

cleanses the urethra of acidic urine

serves as lubricant during sex

secreted into the penile urethra

A

bulbourethral glands

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20
Q

reverse

mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions:

alkaline pH: 7.2-7.6 (neutralizes vaginal secretions)

volume 2-5ml

average sperm count: 120 million per ml

A

semen

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21
Q

reverse

non mobile with the male reproductive system

begin to swim in an alkaline environment

A

sperm

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22
Q

reverse

changes that allow sperm to fertilize egg

occurs within the female reproductive tract

A

capacitation

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23
Q

reverse

divided pouch of skin posterior to the penis

maintains the testes about 3 deg C lower than body temp to protect sperm

A

scrotum

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24
Q

reverse

delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

A

penis

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25
Q

reverse

shaft

glans penis (enlarged tip)

prepuce (foreskin): folded cuff or skin around proximal end

often removed by circumcision

internally 3 areas of spongy erectile tissue

erections occur when erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement

A

regions of the penis

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26
Q

reverse

production of sperm cells

entire process takes 64-72 days

A

spermatogenesis

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27
Q

reverse

meiotic cell division

begins at puberty and continues throughout life

occurs in the seminiferous tubules

A

production of sperm cells

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28
Q

reverse

spermatogonium

primary spermatocyte 46 chromosomes

2 secondary spermatocytes 23 chromosomes

4 spermatids 23 chromosomes

4 sperm cells 23 chromosomes

A

spermatogenesis cycle

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29
Q

reverse

4 sperm cells containing 23 chromosomes

sperms cells are not genetically identical

A

spermatogenesis final product

30
Q

reverse

Head contaiing nuclueus of 23 chromosomes and acrosomal cap

midpiece: fliaments and mitochondria

Tail: flagellum

A

Structure of mature sperm

31
Q

reverse

contains enzymes that help penetrate egg during fertilization

A

acrosomal cap

32
Q

reverse

production of ova

secretion of estrogen and progesterone

provide an environment for developing offspring

parturition

A

Female reproductive functions

33
Q

reverse

ovaries

A

Female primary reproductive organs

34
Q

reverse

uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

A

female reproductive duct system

35
Q

reverse

vulva

A

female external genitalia

36
Q

reverse

ovoid structures found with pelvic cavitiy

composed of ovarian follicles

A

ovaries

37
Q

reverse

each consists of Oocyte (immature egg)

follicular cells-surround the Oocyte

A

ovarian follicles

38
Q

reverse

receive the ovulated oocyte

site of fertilization upper 1/3 of tube

lined with simple ciliated columnar epithelium

helps move oocyte toward uterus

A

uternine tubes

“fallopian”

39
Q

reverse

holloow muscular organ

located between the urinary bladder and rectum

endometrium inner most layer

cervix projects into the vagina

protects fetus during pregnancy

A

uterus

40
Q

reverse

fibromuscular tube

extends from cervix to exterior of body

serves as birth canal

receives penis during intercourse

hymen

A

vagina

41
Q

reverse

membrane that partially covers the vaginal orifice

A

hymen

42
Q

reverse

mons pubis

labia majora

labia minora

A

Vulva

43
Q

reverse

fatty area overlying the pubic symphysis

covered with pubi hair after puberty

A

mons pubis

44
Q

reverse

encloses and protects the other external reprosuctive organs

A

labia majora

45
Q

reverse

longitudinal folds between labia majora

converge anteriorly to form hood of clitoris

A

labia minora

46
Q

reverse

enclosed by labia majora

contains external openings of the urethra and vagina

A

Vestibule

47
Q

reverse

found on each side of the vagina

secrets lubricant during intercourse

A

greater vestibular glands

48
Q

reverse

contains erectile tissue richly supplied with sensory fibers

corresponds to the male penis

A

clitoris

49
Q

reverse

hooded by prepuce

composed of erectile tissue

becomes swollen with blood during sexual intercourse

A

similarities between clitoris and penis

50
Q

reverse

Ovarian cycle

Uterine cycle

A

female reproductive cycle components

51
Q

reverse

maturation of follicle days 1-13

Oogenesis: formation of egg days 1-14

ovulation day 14

formation of corpus luteum days 14-28

A

Ovarian cycle

52
Q

reverse

changes in endometrium

controlled by ovarian hormones

A

Uterine cycle

53
Q

reverse

maturation of follicel days 1-13

Oogenesis: egg formation day 1-14

Ovulation day 14

formation of corpus luteum days 14-28

A

ovarian cycle 28 day overview

54
Q

reverse

oocyte surrounded by follicular cells

6-7 million form during fetal development

at birth 2 million, at puberty 400k

400 ova are released during reproductive years

A

primordial follicles

55
Q

reverse

primary follicle: single layer of cells surrounding oocyte (day 1)

secondary follicle (day 13) antrum, zonapellicida, corona radiata

mature follicle

corpus luteum (day 15-28)

A

Follicular maturation

56
Q

reverse

total suppply of eggs present at birth

ability to release eggs begins at puberty

reproductive ability ends at menopause

A

Oogenesis

57
Q

reverse

occurs in developing ovarian follicles

A

oocyte maturation

58
Q

reverse

primary oocyte 46 chromosomes

secondary oocyte+polar body 23 chromosomes

secondary oocyte begins meiosis II

arrests in metaphase II

egg cell that is ovulated (day 14)

A

oogenesis cycle

59
Q

reverse

release of secondary oocyte from the surface of the ovary

secondary oocyte is surrounded by zona pellucid and corona radiata

oocyte is ovulated into pelvic cavity

A

ovulation

60
Q

reverse

meiosis I Iis completed

mature ova + second polar body are formed

zygote forms when nucleus of egg and sperm merge

if it does not occur egg will degenerate within 12-24 hrs

A

fertilization

61
Q

reverse

one ova+2-3 polar bodies

A

oogenesis final product

62
Q

reverse

menstruation days 1-5

proliferation phase days 3-14

secretory phase days 15-28

A

uterine cycle 28 day overview

63
Q

reverse

period of mentrual bleeding

A

menstruation

64
Q

reverse

endometrium repairs and grows

A

proliferation phase

65
Q

reverse

endometrium increases in size and readies for implantation

A

secretory phase

66
Q

reverse

estrogen

luteinizing hormone

estrogen and progesterone

A

hormone control of female reproduction

67
Q

reverse

secreted by foliicular cells during first 14 days of ovarian cycle

stimulates growth of endometrium

A

estrogen

68
Q

reverse

secreted by pituitary gland

levels surge around day 13 causing ovulation

A

luteinizing hormone

69
Q

reverse

secreted by luteum during last 14 days of ovarian cycle

stimulate growth and activity of uterine glands within endometrium

A

estrogen and progesterone

70
Q

reverse

oocyte is viable for 12-24 hrs after release

sperm are viable for 24048 hrs after ejaculation

sexual intercourse must occur no more than 2 days before ovulation and no later than 24 hrs after

sperm cells must make their way to the uterine tube for fertilization to be possible

A

Egg fertilization

Biology 108 (38 decks)

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