Digestive System: Tubular Portion

Question 1

what is the basic structural plan of the tubular portions of the Digestive system?

Answer 1

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosa, serosa, adventitia

Question 2

what are the sublayers of the mucosa?

Answer 2

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa

Question 3

the submucosa contains this network of ganglia? what type of innervation is this?

Answer 3

meissner’s plexi; extrinsic innervation via the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

the muscularis externa contains this network of ganglia?what is this type of innervation?

Answer 4

myenteric/Auerbach plexi; intrinsic nervous activity and peristalsis

Question 5

this outermost layer is composed primarily of loose connective tissue?

this outer layer blends in with the connective tissue of surrounding structures

when the tube is attached to a mesentery and surrounded by a simple squamous epithelium

Answer 5

serosa and adventitia

adventitia

serosa

Question 6

what is the epithelium of the mucosa made of?

Answer 6

nonkeritinized stratified squamous epithelium or simple columnar

Question 7

for the esophagus, how are layers subdivided?

Answer 7

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia

Question 8

what is the mucosa of the esophagus made of?

Answer 8

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

what comprises the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

Answer 9

first 1/4 is made of skeletal muscle and the remaining 3/4 is made of smooth muscle

Question 10

in the stomach, this is made of six to sight longitudinal folds of the stomach?

Answer 10

rugae

Question 11

in the stomach, the mucosa is lined by these type of epithelial cells?

Answer 11

simple columnar epithelia

Question 12

in the mucosa of the stomach, what are the components of the compound tubular glands?

Answer 12

gastric pit leads to gastric gland made of the isthmus, neck, and base of the gland

Question 13

what is the gastric gland made of?

Answer 13

isthmus, neck and base

Question 14

what cell does the gastric pit or faveolus contain?

Answer 14

surface mucous cells

Question 15

what cell does the isthmus of the gastric gland contain?

Answer 15

parietal cell

Question 16

what cells do the neck of the gastric gland contain?

Answer 16

parietal cell, stem cell, neck mucous cell

Question 17

what cells do the base of the glands contain?

Answer 17

parietal cell, peptic cell, neck mucous cell, neuroendocrine cell

Question 18

these cells are common to all stomach regions lining the surface; what do they secrete? Half-life?

Answer 18

mucous surface cells; lubricant like mucous and lysozymes

3-5 days

Question 19

these produce a type of mucous than surface cells; they small and stain darkly

Answer 19

mucous neck cells

Question 20

these cells are pyramidal in shape and strongly eosinophilic; they also secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Answer 20

parietal cells

Question 21

this factor binds to vitamin B-12 and allows for absorption in this region of the small intestine?

Answer 21

intrinsic factor; Ileum

Question 22

these cells predominate in the deeper regions of the gastric glands, which also secretes pepsinogen?

Answer 22

chief cells

Question 23

these glands are dominant with long pits and short glands, mores mucous secreting with few enteroendocrine and parietal cell

Answer 23

pyloric, cardiac glands

Question 24

these glands occupy the largest area and produce the bulk of enzymes, short pits with compound glands divided into isthmus, neck and portions?

Answer 24

gastric glands or the body and fundus

Question 25

with respect to the gastric glands, these cells predominate in the isthmus and neck portions?

Answer 25

mucous neck cells and enteroendocrine cells

Question 26

with respect to the gastric glands, these cells predominate in the base portion?

Answer 26

chief cells predominately with scattered enteroendocrine cells

Question 27

the muscularis mucosa of the mucosa layer contains how many layers of smooth muscle?

Answer 27

2-3 layers of smooth layers, located at the base of glandular regions

Question 28

the muscularis externa layer consists of how many layers of smooth muscle? what prominent layer can you find here?

Answer 28

3 rather than 2 smooth muscle layers

inner oblique layer most prominent in the cardiac region

Question 29

what layer forms the pyloric sphincter? be specific

Answer 29

middle circle layer of the muscularis externae

Question 30

what cell types are found in the villi of the small intestine?

Answer 30

absorptive, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells

Question 31

the intestinal crypts or crypts of Lieberkuhn have these cells?

Answer 31

undifferentiated stem cells, and Paneth cells

Question 32

what do Paneth cells secrete?

Answer 32

lysozymes

Question 33

Brunner’s glands define this region of the small intestine and secrete what?

Answer 33

duodenum; sodium bicarbonate

Question 34

intestinal tonsil, nodular lymphatic infiltration of lamina propria and even submucosa?

Answer 34

appendix

Question 35

what organ has lymphoid elements that become prominent with age?

Answer 35

appendix

Question 36

what cells can we find the appendix?

Answer 36

absorptive cell, enteroendocrine cell, undifferentiated stem cells, paneth cells

Question 37

what are the three predominant cells found in the cecum, colon, rectum?

Answer 37

absorptive, goblet, and undifferentiated cells, enteroendocrine and paneth cells rarely seen, abundant goblet cells

Question 38

this mucosa shifts from simple columnar to stratified squamous at the line of Hilton?

Answer 38

rectoanal junction

Question 39

the line of hilton defines this junction?

Answer 39

rectoanal junction