Urinary System

Question 1

how are is the Urinary system arranged in the notes?

Answer 1

anatomy, nephron, and position then urinary transit and storage

Question 2

what part of the kidney are the renal columns found?

Answer 2

cortex of the kidney

Question 3

these are the deeper extensions of the cortex? what part of the kidney are these found?

Answer 3

renal columns

cortex of the kidney

Question 4

this is the part of the kidney where conical structures(pyramids) of the kidney are separated by renal columns

Answer 4

medullary

Question 5

how does urine move from apex of renal pyramids to the ureter?

Answer 5

moves from the apex of the medullary pyramid into the minor calyx then into the major calyx then into the renal pelvis then into the ureter

Question 6

where do the major calyces funnel into the ureter?

Answer 6

renal pelvis

Question 7

what cells and structure can you find in the glomerulus?

Answer 7

capillary endothelial cells
podocytes
glomerular basement membrane
mesangial cells

Question 8

this simple squamous epithelial cell forms an imperfect sheet containing pores or fenestrations of approx 70 nm

Answer 8

capillary endothelial cells

Question 9

epithelial cells with foot like extensions that externally coat the glomerular capilliaries making contact with glomerular basement membrane

Answer 9

podocytes

Question 10

this cell functions to prevent filtration of small albumins

Answer 10

podocytes

Question 11

this is a thick structure consisting of three lamina»>fused underlying connective tissue of capillary endothelium and visceral layer of the boman’s capsule

Answer 11

glomerular basement membrane

Question 12

phagocytic cells often found in the kidney where blood vessels parallel each other important in maintaining the integrity of the basement membrane by removing filtration residues

Answer 12

mesangial cells

Question 13

this acts as a funnel to collect material that leaks out of the glomerulus and composed of two facing layers of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 13

bomans capsule

Question 14

what comprises the boman’s capsule? what epithelial cells comprise it?

Answer 14

visceral layer, parietal layer, urinary space; two facing layers of simple squamous epithelium

Question 15

what part of the Boman’s capule becomes podocytes?

Answer 15

visceral layer

Question 16

this is the part of the boman’s capsule that is the inner layer that lies adjacent to glomerulus?

Answer 16

visceral layer

Question 17

this is the part of the boman’s capsule that is the outer layer and is continuous with the PCT at the urinary pole

Answer 17

parietal layer

Question 18

this is the part of the boman’s capsule that lies between the visceral and parietal layers, and also continuous with the lumen of the PCT at the urinary pole

Answer 18

urinary space

Question 19

this is the part of the nephron that is extremely active in reabsorption

Answer 19

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 20

this part of the nephron is line by large, simple, cuboidal cells, centrally located nucleus

abundant mitochondria(basal surface), eosinophilic cytoplasm

lateral cell boundaries hard to distinguish

Answer 20

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 21

this is the part of the nephron that makes the transition from the PCT and tend to be lighter staining

Answer 21

loop of Henle

Question 22

this is distinguishable from the PCT, eosinophilic with basal striations, smaller cells, lack a brush border and cytoplasm not as eosinophilic

also juxtaglomerulus is found here

Answer 22

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 23

this is structure is used in regulating blood pressure? where is it found?

Answer 23

JG apparatus; DCT

Question 24

this is a sensor for sodium levels? where is found?

Answer 24

macula densa; DCT

Question 25

what are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 25

macula densa, afferent arteriole, JG cells, and mesangial cells

Question 26

these are the highly modified cells of the of the tunica media and releases renin

Answer 26

JG cells

Question 27

these cells form triangular wedge between blood vessels and the DCT

Answer 27

mesangial cells

Question 28

this structure of the nephron concentrate urine via same mechanism as the DCT

Answer 28

collecting duct/tubule

Question 29

this structure continues to merge to form the ducts of Bellini lined with simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 29

collecting duct/tubule

Question 30

the collecting duct/tubule continue merging to form this duct?

Answer 30

Ducts of Bellini

Question 31

this duct empties into a papilla where the epithelium changes to transitional?

Answer 31

Duct of Bellini

Question 32

what is the renal corpuscle made of? where is it always located?

Answer 32

glomerulus and boman’s capsule; cortex

Question 33

where is the loop of henle found?

Answer 33

medulla, found at different levels within the medulla and the deeper it goes the more concentrated the urine

Question 34

what layers are lacking in the ureters?

Answer 34

muscularis mucosa and submucosa

Question 35

if muscularis is present, what is the arrangement of the smooth muscle?

Answer 35

outer circular and inner longitudinal layer of smooth muscle

Question 36

how is the bladder different from the ureter?

Answer 36

wall structure is similar to ureter, muscluaris is thicker and fibers oriented in all directions

Question 37

what is the female urethra lined with?

Answer 37

transitional and stratified squamous epithelium