Cold War

Question 1

Yalta conference: feb. 1945 (Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt) (2)

Answer 1

1. Agreed to divide Germany into four zones. Occupied by the French, british, US, and Soviet Union
2. Stalin promised to give Eastern European countries free elections after the war

Question 2

USA and the Soviet Union had different postwar goals

the major goal of the Soviet Union was to: (2)

Answer 2

shield itself from another invasion from the west and to
• 2. spread communism
• *Stalin wanted to use Eastern Europe as that shield or buffer (wall of protection)

Question 3

Major goal fo the USA -

Answer 3

was to spread democracy in the world

Question 4

Potsdam conference - July 1945 (2)

Answer 4

1. Stalin said he was not going to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
2. He declared that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world
   (*the Cold War began)

Question 5

By 1948 the allies (USA, Britain and France) had given back their zones to the Germans as promised! the Soviet Union had not! (2 german states now)

Answer 5

1. Federal republic of Germany - west Germany - free

2. German Democratic Republic - east Germany - russia

Question 6

Cold War

Answer 6

a struggle over political differences, carried on by means short of military action or war
*struggle to see if political ideas of democracy or communism would rule the world

Question 7

US foreign policy

Answer 7

“containment” - blocking and stopping the spread of communism and spreading democracy

Question 8

Truman doctrine:

Answer 8

gave US aid ($) and support to any country that resisted and rejected communism
(Turkey and Greece)

Question 9

Marshall plan

Answer 9

assistance aid program to rebuild Western Europe after the war ($12.5 billion) the only requirement was to stay away from communism! (Named after Secretary of State, George Marshall)

Question 10

Berlin Airlift

Answer 10

Soviet Union demanded Berlin! Berlin was in the soviet secotor - set up a blockade around West Berlin (island of democracy)

Question 11

Two rival alliances formed during the Cold War

Answer 11

1. NATO - (north Atlantic treaty organization) led by the USA, canada, and Western Europe
2. Warsaw Pact - led by the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Question 12

• Brinkmanship

Answer 12

was the willingness to go to the brink, or the edge of war created huge tension between the two superpowers

Question 13

1961 - Berlin Wall

Answer 13

• living conditions in east Berlin were very bad
• Between 49 and 61, hundreds of thousands of east berliners fled to the west, escaping communism
• Soviet Union built a wall over night to keep the people in
• Wall divided east and West Berlin - over 87 miles long

Question 14

Iron curtain

Answer 14

Winston Churchill called it an “Iron curtain” - separated freedom from tyranny - Berlin Wall that is

Question 15

Bay of pig invasion - (cuba)

Answer 15

president john F. Kennedy gave approval to an over throw of the communist government. CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade cuba. Fails miserably1
Cuba turns to the Soviet Union for protection

Question 16

62 - Cuban missile crisis

Answer 16

• Nikita Khrushchev - soviet leader - placed several nuclear missiles in cuba - all pointed towards the USA!
• Kennedy demanded they be removed
• USA set up a blockade of the island
• US reconnaissance plane shot down *(rudolf Anderson) only casualty incident
• Brink of nuclear war, 13 days.
• Soviet Union backed off

**closest we ever came to nuclear war!!!**