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Individual, Society and Culture > Week 9 Slides > Flashcards

Week 9 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

Real, imagined or implied prescence of others on our thoughts, feelings and behviours

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2
Q

Social Cognition

A

the process of attending, interpreting and remembering information about ourselves and others

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3
Q

Impression Formation

A

Is the mental process of developing judgments about other people

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4
Q

How do we form impressions of others

A
  1. Primacy Effect
  2. Stereotyping
  3. Elements of physical appearance
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5
Q

Primacy Effect

A
  • An overall impressions about new people is influenced by the first information received about them
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6
Q

Stereotyping

A
  • Social Schemas and clusters of ideas used to categorise people into types
  • normal cognitive process about expectations of members of a specific group
  • May lead people to misperceive others
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7
Q

Impression Formation

A
  • based on elements of physical appearance

- evolutionary perspective says historically physical attractiveness was associate with reproductive potential

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8
Q

Impression Management

A

The intentional steps we take to influence others opinions of us

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9
Q

Attributions

A

Inferences that people draw about the causes of events, others behaviour, own behaviour

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10
Q

Internal Attribution

A

Ascribe the cause of behaviour to personal dispositions, traits, abilities and feelings

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11
Q

External Attribution

A

Ascribe the causes of behaviour to situational demands and environmental constraints

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12
Q

Dispositional Attribution

A

Attributing Behaviour to some internal cause like personality or attitude

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13
Q

Situational Attribution

A

Attributing behaviour to external causes or situational factors

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14
Q

Bias in Attribution

A
  • Judgement about ourselves compared to judgment about others
  • protects one’s self concept
    1. Self Serving Bias
    2. Fundamental Attribution Error
    3. Just world bias (defensive bias)
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15
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A
  • When we make judgeent about others

- tendency to attribute others success to our own internal factors

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16
Q

Self Serving Bias

A
  • Judgement about self
  • attribute own success to internal variables
  • attribute failures to external factors
17
Q

Just World Hypothesis

A
  • People want to beleive the world is fair
  • To preserve this belief they blame victims of abuse or injustice for their situation
  • do not wish to shed blame on perpetrators to preserve this scenario
  • known as defensive attribution
18
Q

Attitudes

A
  • learned emotional response to a stimulus or situation
  • formed through experiences and the attitudes of those around us
  • works on a continuum
  • not always consistent
19
Q

Explicit Attitudes

A
  • Attitudes we hold consciously and can readily describe

- social psychologists mostly focused on explicit attitudes

20
Q

Implicit Attitudes

A
  • covert attitudes that are subtle automatic responses
  • usually have little conscious control on theses
  • measured by implicit association test
21
Q

Implicit Association Test

A
  • IAT

- Computer administered measures how quickly people associate chosen pairs of concepts

22
Q

Generational Identity

A

shared experiences of a person’s age group

23
Q

How do Attitudes form and change

A
  • Learning Theory
  • Persuasion techniques
  • Cognitive Dissonance
24
Q

Attitude to Formation and Change - Observational Learning

A
  • Other peoples attitudes rub off on each other

- Studies show parents and children tend to similar political attitudes

25
Q

Attitude to Formation and Change - Classical Conditioning

A
  • Emotional responses created through classical conditioning
  • known as evaluative conditioning
  • Our emotions create associations to attitudes
26
Q

Attitude to Formation and Change - Operant Conditioning

A
  • Agreement from others strengthens our attitudes
  • disagreement may weaken our point of view
  • Dependent on the consequences of change
27
Q

3 factors to cause someone to change their attitude

A
  • Status of persuader
  • Clarity of message
  • Ability to Understand the message
28
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Status of persuader

A
  • Status of persuader
      • someone of high status may be considered successful and thus knowledgeable
  • Clarity of message
      • A clear concises and accurate
29
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Status of persuader

A

Someone of high status may be considered successful and thus knowledgeable

30
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Clarity of Message

A

A clear concises and accurate

31
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Clarity of Message

A

A clear concise and accurate argument should be put forward

32
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Ability to understand message

A

Individuals being persuaded must be capable of understanding the message

33
Q

Factors to cause someone to change their attitude - Celebrity attributes

A 
If a celebrity seems
- credible
- expert
- trustworthy
- likable
- physically attractibe
this will be persuasive in stimulating attitude change
34
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A
  • related cognitions contradict each other
  • creates unpleasant state of tensions
  • tension motivates people to reduce their dissonance
35
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A
  • Leon Festinger 1957
  • Inconsistency among attitudes fosters attitude change
  • Contrary cognitions between belief and bheavour
    ↓
    Cognitive Dissonance
    ↓
    Attitude change
36
Q

What increases Dissonance

A

Inconsistency between action and beleif

37
Q

What decreases Dissonance

A

Change in belief or action that causes change of perception or action

38
Q

Strategies to decrease Dissonance

A
  1. Change in behaviour
  2. Change in attitude
  3. Explaining away inconsistency
  4. Denial of responsibility
    5 Reduction of importance of tension

Individual, Society and Culture (16 decks)

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