Flashcard 6

Question 1

cretinism

Answer 1

congenital hypothyroidism

Question 2

what cells are responsible for thyroid destruction in kashimotos

Answer 2

• cytotoxic t cell
• cytokine
• autoantibodies
• TPO antibodies

Question 3

management of acromegaly caused by benign pituitary tumour

Answer 3

removal of benign pituitary tumour

somatostatin analogues

Question 4

describe the use of dexamethasone in cushings

Answer 4

can suppress cortisol secretion from adrenal glands as this ability is lost/ reduced in cushings

Question 5

galactorrhoea

Answer 5

production and spontaneous flow of breast milk

Question 6

hypopituitarism causes

Answer 6

compression
infection (e.g. TB)
trauma
sheehans

Question 7

most common cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 7

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 8

conns syndrome and common causes

Answer 8

hyper secretion aldosterone

adenoma of adrenal cortex
bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia of adrenal cortex

Question 9

phaechromocytoma

Answer 9

neuroendocrine tumour of medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 10

Scenario:
30y/o F
- looks tanned
- very tired
- weak
- faint
- not wanting to eat anything but salty foods 
- PMH of thyroid disease

Answer 10

Addison’s disease

Question 11

what causes mutinodular goitre

Answer 11

iodine deficiency - impaired T3/4 synthesis - increased TSH - hypertrophy and hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium

Question 12

cause papillary thyroid cancer

Answer 12

BRAF mutation

ionsising radiation exposure

Question 13

describe medullary thyroid cancer

Answer 13

arises from parafollicular C cells
MEN2 association
serum calcitonin up

Question 14

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 14

excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, usually due to a small adenoma on a parathyroid gland

Question 15

signs hypoparathyroidism

Answer 15

decreased PTH

decreased Ca

increased phosphate

Question 16

what is MEN2 associated with

Answer 16

• medullary thyroid cancer

- pheochromocytoma

Question 17

hypercalcaemia investigations

Answer 17

bloods
bone scan
PTH
ECG
albumin
phosphate
U+Es
vit D
Mg

Question 18

pseudo-hypoparathyroidism

Answer 18

target organ unresponsive to PTH

Question 19

symptoms/ signs of hypercalcaemia

Answer 19

• bones, stones, groans and psychic moans
• nephrolithiasis
• osteoporosis and bone pain
• confusion, fatigue, decreased concentration
• bradycardia
• decreased QT interval
• polyuria
• polydipsia