Intestines

Question 1

Where does the foregut end

Answer 1

after the entry of common bile duct into duodenum

Question 2

Where does the midgut end

Answer 2

2/3 of the way along the transverse colon

Question 3

Where does the hindgut end

Answer 3

half way down the anal canal

Question 4

What is the point at which the bile duct enters the duodenum called

Answer 4

ampulla of vater

Question 5

What are the divions of the small intestine

Answer 5

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 6

How long does it take for food to pass through the small intestine

Answer 6

3-6 hours

Question 7

What are the 4 areas of the duodenum

Answer 7

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

Question 8

What is the ligament that supports the duodenual-jujenal flexure

Answer 8

suspensatory ligament of treitz

Question 9

How does the pancreas fit into the duodenum

Answer 9

Into the U shape created by the superior, descending, inferior and ascending parts of the duodenum

Question 10

Does the superior mesenteric artery and vein cross deep or superficially the inferior section of the duodenum

Answer 10

Superficially

Question 11

What is the minor duodenal papilla

Answer 11

Small entry into the duodenum of a pancreatic duct

Question 12

What is the major duodenal papilla

Answer 12

Entry of union of common bile duct and pancreatic ducts into duodenum

Question 13

Describe the jejunal mucosa layers

Answer 13

Serosa on the outside
Has muscularis externa later (With longitudinal layer around the circular layer)
Then submucosa
then mucosa with plicae circularis

Question 14

Describe the ileal muscoa layers

Answer 14

Serosa on the outside
Has muscularis externa later (With longitudinal layer around the circular layer)
Then submucosa
then mucosa (flat)

Question 15

Describe the lymphatics of the small bowel

Answer 15

Mesenteric nodes lie on the mesentary
there are pre-aortic nodes (coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric)
Then there cisterna chyli lies to the left of the aorta inferior to the thoracic duct

Question 16

What are the pre-aortic lymph nodes

Answer 16

coeliac, superior and inferior mesenteric

Question 17

What are the longitudial strips that line the large intestine called

Answer 17

teniae coli

Question 18

What are the tenia coli made of

Answer 18

thickening of longitudinal muscle of muscularis externa

Question 19

What are the saclike divisions along the large intestine called

Answer 19

Haustra

Question 20

What are the little bags of fat that hang off the large intestine called

Answer 20

epiploic appendages

Question 21

What are the bends/corners in the large intestine called

Answer 21

right + left colic flexure

Question 22

Where does the coeliac artery arise from

Answer 22

Aorta at T12

Question 23

Where does the superior mesenteric artery arise from

Answer 23

aortia at L1

Question 24

What branches does the superior mesentertic artery give

Answer 24

Jejunal + ileal
Ileocolic (then appendicular)
Right colic
Middle colic

Question 25

Where does the superior mesenteric artery cross the small intestine

Answer 25

superior to the inferior part of the duodenum

Question 26

Where does the inferior mesenteric artery arise from

Answer 26

Aorta at L3

Question 27

What does the inferior mesenteric artery give rise to

Answer 27

Left colic
Sigmoidal (multiple branches)
Superior rectal

Question 28

What is the mesenteric marginal artery

Answer 28

An artery that joins all the branches for the large colon like a ring road

Question 29

What joins up to form hepatic portal vein

Answer 29

superior mesenteric joins with splenic vein

Question 30

Where does the inferior mesenteric vein join into

Answer 30

into the splenic vein before the splenic vein joins with the superior mesenteric to form the hepatic portal vein

Question 31

What are the roots of the greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 31

T5-T9

Question 32

What are the roots of the lesser splanchnic nerve

Answer 32

T10-11

Question 33

Where do the greater and lesser splanchnic nerves synapse

Answer 33

at coeliac and superior mesenteric ganglia

Question 34

What is the innervation of the foregut + midgut

Answer 34

greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-9)

Question 35

What is the innervation of the renal plexus

Answer 35

lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve (T10-11) + least thoracic splanchnic nerve (T12, L1 + L2)

Question 36

What is the innervation of the midgut

Answer 36

greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5-9) + lesser thoracic splanchnic nerve (T10-11)

Question 37

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the small intestine and the proximal colon

Answer 37

Celiac plexus via vagus nerve

Question 38

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the distal colon, rectum, bladder and reproductive organs

Answer 38

inferior hypogastric plexus via S2,3,4

Question 39

Where is referred pain from the foregut felt via sympathetic nerves

Answer 39

where heartburn is; xiphoid process and on the back in the same place

Question 40

Where is referred pain from the midgut felt via sympathetic nerves

Answer 40

Umbilicus

Question 41

Where is referred pain from hindgut felt via sympathetic nerves

Answer 41

bladder area

Question 42

What is the position of the cisterna chyli

Answer 42

To the left of the aorta inferior to the thoracic duct