Hypertension Flashcards
WHO defines hypertension as a blood pressure greater than?
140/90
How does eating salt increase blood pressure?
Increases release of aldosterone
What are some common causes of secondary hypertension?
Renal disease/stenosis
Endocrine disease
Drug therapy
How can renal disease lead to hypertension?
Reduced renal flow causes excess renin release
What is Cushing’s syndrome?
Excess production of adrenaline
Every __ mm Hg above diastolic pressure of 85 mm Hg doubles the risk of an MI
10 mm Hg
When considering a diagnosis of hypertension, does BP need to be measured in both arms?
Yes
Describe ABPM and HBPM and how to calculate an average?
ABPM = 2 measurements every waking hour
HBPM = 2 seated measurements 1 min apart
Both for 4 days then discard 1st day and take average of the other 3
Is essential or secondary or essential hypertension more common?
Essential
Define stage 1, 2, severe and malignant hypertension?
140/90
160/100
Systolic > 180 and diastolic > 100
Diastolic > 130
For all hypertensive patients, which tests would you offer to better assess CVD risk?
Test urine (for protein) Take bloods (glucose, electrolytes, creatinine) Examine fundi (retinopathy) Do an ECG (LV hypertrophy)
For patients under 80, what is the target BP in response to drug treatment?
Less than 140/90
For patients over 80, what is the target BP in response to drug treatment?
Less than 150/90
What is the drug treatment algorithm for hypertension?
< 55 or non-black = A or B > 55 or black = C or D A or B + C or D A or B + C + D Add alpha blocker or low dose spironolatone
What type of diuretic does D stand for?
Thiazide
