Valve Disease

Question 1

What causes the noise of a cardiac murmur?

Answer 1

Noise due to turbulent blood flow within the heart

Question 2

Diastolic or systolic murmurs are in time with the carotid pulse?

Answer 2

Sytolic

Question 3

What is a thrill?

Answer 3

Palpable murmur

Question 4

Are left or right sided murmurs louder on inspiration?

Answer 4

Right sided

Question 5

Main non-invasive investigation for diagnosing cardiac murmurs?

Answer 5

Echocardiography

Question 6

Name an invasive investigation for diagnosing cardiac murmurs?

Answer 6

Angiography/catheterisation

Question 7

What are the 2 causes (apart from rheumatics) of aortic stenosis?

Answer 7

Congenital bicuspid valve

Calcification with age

Question 8

Can aortic stenosis patients be asymptomatic?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What type of murmur is aortic stenosis and where does it radiate?

Answer 9

Ejection systolic and carotids

Question 10

What are some signs of aortic stenosis?

Answer 10

Slow-rising pulse

Heaving apex

Question 11

What are the 2 causes (apart from rheumatics) of mitral regurgitation?

Answer 11

Chordae/papillary rupture

Leaflet prolapse

Question 12

What type of murmur is mitral regurgitation and where does it radiate?

Answer 12

Pansystolic and axilla

Question 13

Name a feature of mitral regurgitation?

Answer 13

Displaced apex beat

Question 14

What is the main cause of mitral stenosis?

Answer 14

Rheumatic disease

Question 15

What type of murmur is mitral stenosis and where is it heard?

Answer 15

Mid-diastolic rumble and apex

Question 16

What are 3 signs of MiTral Stenosis?

Answer 16

Malar flush
Tapping apex
Side (louder)

Question 17

What is a cause (apart from rheumatics) of aortic regurgitation?

Answer 17

Marfan’s syndrome

Question 18

What type of murmur is aortic regurgitation and where is it heard?

Answer 18

Early diastolic and left sternal edge

Question 19

What are some signs of aortic regurgitation?

Answer 19

Collapsing pulse

Louder holding breath and sitting forward

Question 20

Murmur associated with AF?

Answer 20

Mitral stenosis

Question 21

Outline treatment for heart murmurs?

Answer 21

Valve replacement, balloon valvuloplasty (stenosis), diuretics and ACEi

Question 22

Early diastolic murmur in a symptom-free child?

Answer 22

Innocent murmur

Question 23

IV drug user with pansystolic murmur on inspiration?

Answer 23

Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 24

Crescendo-decrescendo murmur?

Answer 24

Aortic stenosis

Question 25

Disease linked to dysfunction of heart valves?

Answer 25

Endocarditis