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a_anatomy > Lecture 6 - Antebrachium and carpus > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Antebrachium and carpus Flashcards

1
Q

What basc joints are in the antebrachium-carpal region?

A

Radio-carpal, intercarpal, carpo-metacarpal joints

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2
Q

What are the major bones in the antebrachium?

A

Radius, ulna, and carpals

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3
Q

What are the compartments in the antebrachium?

A

Caudal and craino-ventral

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4
Q

What artery supplies the caudal compartment?

A

median a., ulnar a., and radial a.

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the caudal compartment?

A

Median and ulnar n.

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6
Q

What action is the caudal compartment responsible for?

A

Flexion of carpus and digits

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7
Q

What artery supplies the craino-ventral compartment?

A

Superficial brachial a.

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8
Q

What nerve supplies the craino-ventral compartment?

A

Radial n.

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9
Q

What action is the craino-ventral compartment responsible for?

A

Extension of carpus and digits

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10
Q

What are the two rows of carpals?

A

Proximal and distal

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11
Q

What are the proximal carpals?

A

radial, intermediate, ulnar, and accessory

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12
Q

What occurs in the proximal carpals of dogs?

A

radial and intermediate fuse

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13
Q

What are the basic characteristics of the accessory carpal?

A

Projects behind the carpus, projects behind the carpus

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14
Q

What are the carpals in the distal row?

A

1-5

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15
Q

What occurs in the distal carpals of ungulates?

A

second and third fuse

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16
Q

What occurs with the first carpal?

A

often lacking

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17
Q

What happens with the fifth bone?

A

Never a separate bone - either suppressed or fused with the fourth

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18
Q

What shares a joint capsule with the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Antebrachiocarpal joint

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19
Q

What shares a joint capsule with the midcarpal joint?

A

Carpometacarpal

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20
Q

Where are the intercarpal joints?

A

between individual carpal bones

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21
Q

How does the carpal act in carnivores?

A

Acts as ginglymus

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22
Q

What is ginglymus?

A

hinge with lateral movement

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23
Q

What is the most mobile joint in the carpus of a carnivore?

A

antebrachiocarpal joint

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24
Q

How does the carpal joint act in an ungulate?

A

As a hinge - some oblique movements

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25
Q

What are the degrees of movement in the seperate joints of the carpus?

A

Antebrach. - very mobile (90 degrees)
Midcarpal - somewhat mobile (45 degrees)
Carpomet. - no movement

26
Q

What ligaments occur in the carpus?

A

dorsal carpus

palmar carpus

27
Q

What do the dorsal short ligaments do?

A

Join neighboring bones in each row, to the metacarpus

28
Q

What animal has well-developed medial and lateral collateral ligaments in their carpal joints?

A

Ungulates

29
Q

What ligaments occur in the palmar carpus?

A

Deep palmar, superficial/transverse, and distal ligaments of accessory bone

30
Q

What is the positioning the the deep palmar ligaments?

A

covers entire palmar surface of skeleton, hides unevenness of the bones

31
Q

What do superficial and transverse ligaments contribute to?

A

carpal canal

32
Q

What is the purpose of the carpal canal?

A

conveys the flexor tendons and other structures continuing into foot from antebrachium

33
Q

What is the path of the superficial/transverse ligament?

A

Passes obliquely accessory carpal bone to medial aspect of carpus

34
Q

What do the distal ligaments of the accessory bone do?

A

Assist in preventing overextension, doesn’t interfere with flexion

35
Q

What is the path of the distal ligament of accessory bone?

A

Join bone to the adjacent carpal and metacarpal bones

36
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

All carpal and digital extensors, including ulnaris lateralis

37
Q

What is the path in the dog of the radial n.?

A

Cutaneous branch descends over craniolateral aspect of antebrachium and carpus, reaches dorsal surface of digits

38
Q

What is the radial nerve in the horse subsituted by in the foot?

A

Musculocutaneous n.

39
Q

What muscles does the median n. innervate?

A

most of the flexor muscles of carpus and digits

40
Q

Where does the median n. enter the forearm?

A

Medial collateral ligament of elbow joint

41
Q

What does the median n. travel deep too?

A

flexor carpi radialis

42
Q

What muscles do the ulnar n. innervate?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, part of flexor digitorum profundus

43
Q

What is different about the horse ulnar n.?

A

does not unit with median nerve in brachiumq

44
Q

When does the ulnar n. break off from the median n. in dogs?

A

olecranon

45
Q

What branches off the ulnar n. in the brachium?

A

cutaneous antebrachial n.

46
Q

What muscles do the musculocutaneous n. innervate?

A

none in the antebrachium or the carpus

47
Q

What does the musculocutaneous n. do in the antebrachium?

A

medial cutaneous antebrachial n. innervates medial aspect

48
Q

What does the cutaneous branch of the musculocutaneous muscle do?

A

continues past the carpus and to the metacarpophalangeal jt.

49
Q

What is the main blood supply in the antebrachium (4 arteries)?

A

common interosseous a., median a, ulnar a., and radial a.

50
Q

What branches off the median a.?

A

radial a. and deep antebrachial a.

51
Q

What is the positioning of the cephalic v. in the forelimb?

A

follows cranial border of the forearm, lies on the extensor carpi radialis

52
Q

What is the general origin of the craniolateral muscle group?

A

Lateral epicondyle

53
Q

What are the extensor muscles (name wise) of the craniolateral muscle group?

A

E. carpi radialis
E. digitorum communis
E. digitorum lateralis
E. digiti I

54
Q

What are the other muscles (not the extensors) of the craniolateral group?

A

Brachioradialis
Supinator
Ulnaris lateralis
Abductor digiti I longus

55
Q

What small muscle of the forearm is hard to find in dogs but is present in cats?

A

Brachioradialis

56
Q

What flexors (name wise) are present in the caudal group of muscles?

A

F. carpi radialis
F. carpi ulnaris
F. digitorum profundus
F. digitorum superficialis

57
Q

What are the pronators of the caudal group of forearm muscles?

A

P. teres

P. quadratus

58
Q

Where is the general origin point of the caudal group of muscles?

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

59
Q

Where do the extensor group occupy?

A

craniolateral part of the antebrachium

60
Q

What is the horse version of the abductor digitorium I longus?

A

Extensor carpi obliquus

61
Q

What muscle aid in the horse’s ability to stand for long periods of time?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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