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a_anatomy > Lecture 30 - Nasal Cavity II > Flashcards

Lecture 30 - Nasal Cavity II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three paranasal sinuses?

A

Maxilla - Frontal - Sphenoid

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2
Q

What is the “fake” sinus in some animals?

A

Ethmoid

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3
Q

In the dog and cat, what is the most identifiable sinus?

A

Frontal

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4
Q

What invades the frontal sinus?

A

Ethmoturbinates

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5
Q

Why is the maxillary sinus in dogs and cats known as the maxillary recess?

A

Not a small opening in the nasal cavity - there is a broad open communication

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6
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located?

A

Within the presphenoid bone

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7
Q

What is the difference between the dog and cat sphenoid sinus?

A

Dogs is filled with ethmoturbinates

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8
Q

What happens in the paranasal sinuses of non-carnivoran domestic animals?

A

very enlarged - invade adjacent bones (palatine, lacrimal, and nasal conchae)

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9
Q

Why are infections common in the paranasal sinus?

A

Because the foramen to drain these cavities doesn’t allow passive drainage when animal is in normal posture

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10
Q

What is a side function of the dorsal portion of the frontal sinus?

A

Protects the braincase - why it is hard to kill a pig and cow at this location

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11
Q

Why do the molars cause a problem with the maxillary sinus?

A

Roots grow into the sinus
Transfer infection
Can damage when those teeth are removed

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12
Q

What are the two basic parts of the palate?

A

Hard palate

Soft palate

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13
Q

What two foramen are within the palatine bone?

A

Major and minor palatine foramen

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14
Q

What are Rugae?

A

Transverse ridges in mucosa

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15
Q

What are the function of the Rugae?

A

Help direct food caudally in oral cavity

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16
Q

Where is the incisive papilla?

A

Raised bump directly caudal to the central incisors

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17
Q

What is different about the rostral end of a cattles hard pallet?

A

No incisors, has a dental pad

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18
Q

What is the basic function of the soft palate?

A

Some control over separation between digestive and respiratory pathway

19
Q

What does the palatinus muscle do?

A

Shortens and ventrally curls palate

20
Q

What is the origin of the levator veli palatini?

A

Muscular process of the temporal bone

21
Q

What is the insertion of the levator veli palatini?

A

Dorsal surface of the soft palate

22
Q

What nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

A

Branch of the pharyngeal plexus

Mostly CN X and some CN IX

23
Q

What is the action of the levator veli palatini?

A

Elevate soft palate

24
Q

What is the origin of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Muscular process of the temporal bone

25
Q

What is the insertion point of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Lateral soft edge of the soft paalte after wrapping around pterygoid hamulus

26
Q

What nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

A

Mandibular nerve

27
Q

What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Tense the soft palate

28
Q

What does the palatoglossus do?

A

From the lateral aspect of the palate to the tongue

29
Q

Where is the palatopharyngeus?

A

Caudolateral aspect of the palate to the pharyngeal wall

30
Q

What nerve innervates the palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus?

A

CN X

31
Q

What do the palato. muscles form bilaterally?

A

Palatoglossal arch

32
Q

What is present within the tonsilar fossa?

A

Palatine tonsil

33
Q

What are the three major palatine arteries?

A

Descending - Major - Minor

34
Q

What is the path of the minor palatine artery?

A

Passes caudual to the margin of the hard palate to reach the soft palate

35
Q

What is the path of the major palatine artery?

A

Enters caudal palatine foramen and passes through the canal to reach hard palate

36
Q

What does the descending palatine artery give rise to?

A

Major palatine artery

37
Q

Where does the major palatine artery split?

A

Ventral end of the palatine canal

38
Q

What happens to the rostral branch of the major palatine artery?

A

Runs through the palatine groove to the palatine fissure and gives off branch to nasal cavity

39
Q

What happens to the caudal branch of the major palatine foramen?

A

Exits the minor palatine foramen and forms an anastomosis between major and minor palatine arteries

40
Q

What branches come off the maxillary and that supply sensory to the palatine mucosa?

A

Major palatine - Accessory palatine - Minor palatine

41
Q

What is structurally wrong with dogs that experiance branchycephalic syndrome?

A

Stenotic nares
Obstructed nasal cavity
Elongated soft palate
Hypoplastic trachea

42
Q

What can be a secondary problem from brachycephalic syndrom?

A

Tracheal/laryngeal collapse

43
Q

What is different about the equine soft palate?

A

Especially long and hangs rostral and ventral to epiglottis

Palatopharyngeus muscle wraps around laryngeal opening

44
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Bones in nasal cavity that are excavated by pockets of non-olfactory mucosa that grow outward

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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