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a_anatomy > Lecture 20 - External anatomy of the Brain > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - External anatomy of the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What do mammalian brains have more of?

A

Convolutions

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2
Q

What are convolutions related to?

A

Overall size, NOT ability

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3
Q

What do the convolutions do?

A

Keep neurons with similar or related functions together spatially

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4
Q

What does the forebrain partake in?

A

Sensory processing, decision making, and relay to/from body

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5
Q

What does the brain stem have within it?

A

Midbrain, pons, cerebellum, and medulla

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6
Q

What does the brain stem have within it dealing with the CN?

A

Cranial nerve nuclei

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7
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Conduit of function between spinal cord and forebrain

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8
Q

What are the two structures of the brain?

A

Telencephalon/Cerebrum
– and –
Diencephalon/Thalamus

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9
Q

What are the landmarks in the cerebrum? (basic)

A

Hemisphere (right and left)
Gyri (Ridges)
Sulci (Grooves) - cruciate
Fissures (longitudinal and transverse)

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10
Q

What are the five cerebral lobes?

A

Parietal, frontal, olfactory, temporal, and occipital

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11
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Axonal tract that allows communication between lobes on right and left side

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12
Q

What are the commissural fibers?

A

Interconnect corresponding structures between hemispheres

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13
Q

What are association fibers?

A

Interconnect different areas of cortex in same hemisphere

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14
Q

What are the two kinds of projection fibers?

A

Corticopetal and Corticofugal

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15
Q

What is the corticopetal?

A

Fibers entering cortex

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16
Q

What is the corticofugal?

A

Fibers exiting the cortex

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17
Q

Where are the motor and motor planning portions of the brain generally located?

A

Frontal and parietal lobes

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18
Q

Where are the primary sensory cortices found?

A

MANY PLACES

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19
Q

Where is the visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

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20
Q

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

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21
Q

Where is the auditory cortex?

A

Temporal lobe

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22
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Thalamic nuclei

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23
Q

What are the two parts of the thalamic nuclei?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalmus

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24
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Selectively routes motor and sensory info to portions of the cortex

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25
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Autonomics, appetities, temperature, circadian rhythm

26
Q

What CN nuclei are contained in the midbrain?

A

CN III and IV

27
Q

What CN nuclei are contained in the pons?

A

CN V and VI

28
Q

What CN nuclei are contained in the medulla?

A

CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

29
Q

What do you have to worry about when there is damage to the brain stem?

A

Cranial nerve function and innervation of the body

30
Q

What protects the brain?

A

Meninges

31
Q

What are the three layers of meninges?

A

Dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater

32
Q

What is between the skull and the dura mater?

A

Epidural space

33
Q

What is within the epidural space?

A

Fat and veins

34
Q

What is between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater?

A

Subdural space

35
Q

What is within the subdural space?

A

Very small amounts of lymphatic fluid

36
Q

What is between arachnoid space and the pia mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

37
Q

What is within the subarachnoid space?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

38
Q

What are the three dural reflections?

A

Falx cerebi - Falx cerebelli - Tentorium cerebelli

39
Q

What are sinuses, structurally?

A

Small gaps between folds of dura and skull

40
Q

What is the function of the sinuses?

A

Receive venous blood draining from the brain

41
Q

Where does the blood from the sinuses go?

A

Vertebral and internal jugular vein

42
Q

Where are the dura folds located?

A

Cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum

43
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

4 total - 2 lateral, third and fourth

44
Q

What is the function of the ventricles?

A

Spaces in the brain within which CSF is produced and circulates

45
Q

What are choroid plexuses?

A

Vascular tufts into ventricles that release CSF

46
Q

What is CSF made from?

A

Ultrafiltrate of blood plasma

47
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

Protect the brain
Transports nutrients
Flushes away waste products
Medium for diffusion of neuroendocrine and NT’s

48
Q

How often is CSF produced in dogs?

A

Continuous, ~30 mL per hour

49
Q

What is the path of the CSF?

A

Choroid plexus - Subarachnoid space - Arachnoid granulation

50
Q

What are arachnoid granulations, functionally?

A

Where the CSF can enter the venous system

51
Q

What are the arachnoid granulations, structurally?

A

Outpockets from the subarachnoid space into dural venous sinus

52
Q

What two main arteries contribute to the circulus arteriosis cerebri?

A

Internal carotid aa. and vertebral aa..

53
Q

What branches in the circulus arteriosis cerebri come off the internal carotid aa.?

A

Rostral cerebral aa.
Middle cerebral aa.
Caudal cerebral aa.

54
Q

What branches in the circulus arteriosis cerebri come of the vertebral aa.?

A

Basilar a.
Rostral cerebellar aa.
Caudal cerebellar aa.

55
Q

What does the rostral cerebral aa. supply?

A

Medial portions of the cerebral hemispheres

56
Q

What does the middle cerebral aa. supply?

A

Lateral portions of the cerebral hemispheres

57
Q

What does the caudal cerebral aa. supply?

A

Posterior portions of the cerebral hemispheres and midbrain

58
Q

What does the basilar a. supply?

A

Pons

59
Q

What does the caudal cerebellar a. supply?

A

Caudal cerebellum

60
Q

What does the rostral cerebellar aa. supply?

A

Midbrain, pons, rostral cerebellum

a_anatomy (43 decks)

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