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Correlation 1 > Lithostratigraphy > Flashcards

Lithostratigraphy Flashcards

1
Q

can be considered as the relationship

between rocks and time

A

Stratigraphy

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2
Q

is concerned with the observation, description and
interpretation of direct and tangible evidence in
rocks to determine the history of the earth.

A

Stratigrapher

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3
Q

forms the basis for making geological maps and by
correlating lithostratigraphic units, it is possible to
reconstruct the changing paleogeography of an
area through time

A

Lithostratigraphy

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4
Q

A body of rock or strata that can be distinguished and defined by its lithological characteristics and its stratigraphic position relative to other bodies

A

Lithostratigraphic Units

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5
Q
  • are geological time units

- expressed in a time frame

A

Geochronology

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6
Q
  • Stratigraphic material units

- a unit of rock

A

Chronostratigraphy

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7
Q

Geochronological Units (5)

A 
Eon
Era
Period
Epoch
Age
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8
Q

Chronostratigraphic Unit (5)

A 
Eonothem
Erathem
System
Series
Stage
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9
Q

these are the longest periods of time within the

history of the Earth

A

Eon

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10
Q

these are the three time divisions of the Phanerozoic

A

Era

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11
Q

The basic unit of geologic time and commonly used term when referring to Earth’s history

A

Period

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12
Q

is used for the rocks deposited in a particular period.

A

System

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13
Q

are the main divisions of periods

A

Epoch

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14
Q

the chronostratigraphic equivalent of Epoch

A

Series

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15
Q

The smallest commonly used divisions of geological time

A

Age

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16
Q

-where the age of the rock can be directly or
indirectly determined, a chronostratigraphic unit
can be defined

A

Chronostratigraphic Unit

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17
Q

is principally used for determining the age of formation of igneous rocks, including volcanic units that occur within sedimentary strata

A

Radiometric Dating

18
Q

a body of rock or succession of rock layers that are mainly defined and characterized by fossils content

A

Biostratigraphic Unit

19
Q

a body of rock which exhibits magnetic properties that are different to adjacent bodies of rock in the stratigraphic succession

A

Magnetostratigraphic Unit

20
Q

have upper and lower boundaries that are
each isochronous surfaces, that is, a surface
that formed at one time

A

Chronostratigraphic Unit

21
Q

Are short periods of time that are sometimes determined from palaeomagnetic information but these units don’t have widespread usage outside of
magnetostratigraphy which can be applied
to Quaternary

A

Chrons

22
Q

Provided the rocks are the left way below the
beds higher in the stratigraphic sequence of
deposit would be younger than below but,
extra careful must be exercised when dealing
with stratigraphic relations along reefs etc

A

Superposition

23
Q
  • is equivalent to the formation unit of Lithostratigraphic units
  • basic unit of lithodemic unit
  • non stratiform bodies of rock
A

Lithodeme

24
Q

An association of lithodemes that share the same lithological properties

A

Suite

25
Q

is used as the equivalent to a group for volcanic or

tectonically deformed rocks.

A

Complex

26
Q

is the original or subsequently designated type section of a named layered stratigraphic unit or of a stratigraphic boundary representing a specific interval or point in a specific sequence of rock strata

A

Stratotype

27
Q

is the location where the lithological characteristics are clear and if possible, where the lower and upper
boundaries of the formation can be seen

A

Type Section

28
Q

is a break in sedimentation and where there is erosion of the underlying strata

A

Unconformity

29
Q

break in deposition and erosion within a stratigraphic succession

A

Disconformity

30
Q

Any unit that has boundaries that cut across other strata must be younger than the rocks it cuts

A

Cross-cutting Relationship

31
Q

The direction through the layers towards younger rocks. The direction of younging can be determined by small-scale features that indicate the way-up of
the beds

A

Way Up Indicator

32
Q

a formal assemblage of related or superposed groups or of groups and formations

A

Supergroup

33
Q

consists of assemblages of formations, but need to be composed entirely of named formations

A

Group

34
Q

are grouped to form higher rank lithostratigraphic units are divided to form lower rank units

A

Formation

35
Q

the formal stratigraphic unit next in rank below a formation and always part of some formation.

A

Member

36
Q

a geographically restricted member that terminates on all sides within a formation

A

Lens

37
Q

a wedge shaped member that extends beyond the main boundary of a formation or that wedges or pinches out within another formation

A

Tongue

38
Q

distinctive subdivisions of a member, the smallest formal lithostratigraphic unit of sedimentary rock.

A

Beds

39
Q

the smallest formal lithostratigrphic unit of volcanic rock

A

Flow

40
Q
  • formation as evidence of changing of environments

- Formation as being either diachronous or synchronous unit

A

Depositional Environments

41
Q

Considering Formation in a Temporal Framework

A

Correlation

Correlation 1 (17 decks)

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