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Cardiorespiratory CC > Clinical Anatomy of Larynx > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Upper Airway

A

Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

3 parts of Pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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3
Q

Lower Airway

A

Lungs

Diaphragm

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4
Q

Vestibule

A

Space between teeth and cheeks

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5
Q

Hard Palate

A

Maxilla

Palatine- posterior 1/5th

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6
Q

Soft palate

A

Muscular continuation to oropharynx

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7
Q

Oral cavity innervation

A

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

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8
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

Sit laterally to Oropharynx

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9
Q

Waldeyer’s Tonsillar ring

A

Ring of lymphoid tissue around oropharynx

360 degree protection

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10
Q

Tonsilitis

A

Sore throat
Odynophagia- pain on swallowing
Majority viral

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11
Q

Quinsy

A

Severe complication bacterial tonsillitis
Collection forming in peritonsillar space
Deviated uvula
Doesn’t respond to antibiotics

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12
Q

Quinsy complications

A

Surgery to drain pus
Dehydration
difficulty swallowing
Large- close airway

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13
Q

Nasal cavity borders

A

Floor- Hard palate (maxilla + palatine)
Posteriorly- Sphenoid
Roof- Frontal bone + ethmoid

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14
Q

Nasal cavity function

A

Dual olfactory + respiratory organ
Warms + dehumidifies inspired air
Removes + traps pathogens
Drains paranasal sinuses + lacrimal ducts

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15
Q

Nasal septum

A

Septal Cartilage anteriorly
Ethmoid on roof
Vomer below

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16
Q

Conchae

A

Superior- derived from ethmoid
Middle- derived from ethmoid
Inferior

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17
Q

Conchae function

A

Create turbulence in air flow- helps with dehumidifying + warming
Increases SA- more contact with cilia and mucus

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18
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Passes through cribiform plate

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19
Q

Sinuses

A

4 pairs- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary
Drain into nasal cavity
Maximise SA- greater dehumidification + pathogen capture
Decreases density of skull

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20
Q

Frontal sinus drainage

A

Into Frontonasal duct

–> Semilunar hiatus on lateral wall

21
Q

Ethmoid sinus drainage

A

Anterior- semilunar hiatus
Middle- ethmoid bulla
Posterior- superior meatus

22
Q

Sphenoid sinus drainage

A

Roof of nasal cavity

23
Q

Maxillary sinus drainage

A

Semilunar hiatus

24
Q

Pharynx function

A

Food propulsion

Airway protection

25
Q

Circular pharyngeal muscles

A

Used for food production

Superior, middle and inferior constrictor

26
Q

Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

A

Protection of airway
Change shape of pharynx + hold larynx up
Elevate larynx during swallowing

27
Q

Pharyngeal muscles innervation

A

Vagus

Except for stylopharyngeus- glossopharyngeal

28
Q

Larynx

A

Phonation

Protection of lower airway

29
Q

Larynx blood supply

A

Superior laryngeal artery

Inferior laryngeal artery

30
Q

Epiglottis

A

Yellow elastic cartilage

Flatten down during swallowing posteriorly to close laryngeal inlet

31
Q

Thyroid

A

Open book shape

Forms laryngeal prominence anteriorly

32
Q

Cricoid

A

Encapsulates respiratory tract 360 degrees

Thicker posteriorly- narrower anteriorly

33
Q

Arytenoid

A

Involved in phonation + production of sound

Move vocal folds

34
Q

Sound

A

Oscillations of the air that form fine, high frequency vibrations that you can hear

35
Q

Vocal folds and vestibular folds

A

Avascular ligaments
Covered in slippery mucous membrane
Change shape- produce sound

36
Q

Rima glottidis

A

Gap between vocal folds

Change in shape causes sound

37
Q

Muscles involved in phonation

A

Arytenoid
Crico-arytenoid
Thyro-arytenoid
Vocalis

38
Q

Muscles involved in pitch

A

Cricothyroid

39
Q

Produce sound when…

A

Rima glottides is narrow

40
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Above larynx innervation
Becomes internal and external
Internal- sensory aspect of larynx
External- cricothyroid

41
Q

Recurrent laryngeal

A

Below larynx
Inferior aspect of larynx
All intrinsic muscles except cricothyroid
–> all that control phonation but not pitch

42
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Suprahyoid

Infrahyoid

43
Q

Recurrent laryngeal palsy

A

Aphonia
Partial- hoarse
Stridor- inspiratory barking noises

44
Q

External laryngeal palsy

A

Weak voice that tires easily
Monotonic low pitch
Prevent tilting of vocal cords

45
Q

Subclavian Artery branches

A

Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical

46
Q

External carotid branches

A 
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
47
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Gold standard of ventilation
Controls airway
Plastic tube via mouth, past vocal cords into trachea

48
Q

Endotracheal intubation problems

A

Must go through vocal cords- problem with
Anaesthetised patients
Critically unwell
Impending airway obstruction

49
Q

Cricothyroidotomy

A

Feel for cricothyroid ligament
Make vertical incision from mid thyroid cartilage to superior aspect of cricoid cartilage
Puncture through cricothyroid membrane with horizontal scalpel
Insert airway

Cardiorespiratory CC (34 decks)

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