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Uncategorized > Biology Exam Chapter 1&2 > Flashcards

Biology Exam Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following statements about brown pelicans is false?a) are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fishb) can nest on the ground or in treesc) feed primarily on fishd) were greatly affected by human use of pesticides

A

Are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fish

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2
Q

Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?

A

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, population, community, ecosystem

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3
Q

The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp’s nest, two squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent

A

A community

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4
Q

If you eat a hamburger, you’re mainly eating ground up beef muscle. what levels of organization are represented in this ground up muscle?

A

Organism, population, and community

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5
Q

Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?

A

Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem

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6
Q

The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is

A

Sunlight

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7
Q

A consumer eating a producer represents

A

A transfer of chemical nutrients and energy

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8
Q

Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity?a) cells respond to the environmentb) cells develop and maintain complex organizationc) cells take in and use energyd) cells regulate their internal environmente) all of the choices are common cellular activities

A

All of the choices are common cellular activities

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9
Q

The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called

A

Emergent properties

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10
Q

Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be looking for a cell that

A

Has a membrane

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11
Q

Which of the following is/are properties of life?a) a complex organizationb) the ability to take in energy and use itc) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environmentd) the ability to reproducee) all of the choices are correct

A

All of the choices

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12
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?a) Genes are proteins that produce DNAb) Each organism has its own unique DNA codec) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNAd) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides

A

Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA

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13
Q

Which of the following is false? Living systemsa) are composed of two or more cellsb) maintain a relatively consistent internal environmentc) respond to changes in the environmentd) encode their genetic information in DNAe) grow and develop

A

Are composed of two or more cells

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14
Q

Members of the Kingdom Animalia

A

Are composed of cells that lack a cell wall

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15
Q

Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the domain

A

Eukarya

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16
Q

Which of the following is a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya?

A

Fungi

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17
Q

Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae

A

are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls

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18
Q

Members of the Kingdom Fungi

A

include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers

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19
Q

Which of the following statements is true of Domain Bacteria?a) All bacteria are “animal-like” in that they eat other organismsb) all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleusc) all bacteria are multicellular organsimsd) all bacteria lack a nucleuse) all bacteria are “animal-like” in that they eat other organisms and all bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus

A

All bacteria lack a nucleus

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20
Q

A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nuclei within these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed of cellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom

A

Plantae

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21
Q

Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the many different plants we call orchids are actually related to one another?

A

They all have the same common ancestor

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22
Q

The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually braod and ridged. This makes them suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates

A

a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function

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23
Q

Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin’s mechanism of natural selection?a) individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritableb) individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environmentc) factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive success than othersd) natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspringe) natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species

A

Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their environment

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24
Q

Evolution by natural selection relies upona) heritable variationb) overproduction of offspringc) a struggle for existenced) individual variatione) all of the choices are correct

A

All of the choices are correct

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25
Q

An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of bacteria

A

to be more resistant to that antibiotic

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26
Q

Which of the following is/are true?a) individuals evolveb) organisms evolve structures because of needc) evolution is deliberate and purposefuld) evolution is a passive processe) all of the choices are true

A

Evolution is a passive process

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27
Q

Consider the following statement; “If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are vertebrates, then turtles have backbones.” This statement is an example of

A

deductive reasoning

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28
Q

A hypothesis is

A

a tentative answer to some question

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29
Q

If a light switch is moved from the “off” to the “on” position, then the light will go on. This statementa) is the result of deductive reasoningb) is a conclusionc) can be testedd) can be falsifiede) all of the choices are correct

A

all of the choices are correct

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30
Q

You notice that over the past month, many students have started wearing a new style of school sweatshirt. You think to yourself, maybe the bookstore recently stated selling this new sweatshirt style. This prediction is

A

an example of a hypothesis

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31
Q

The role of a control in a experiment is to

A

provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group

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32
Q

To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be

A

testable and falsifiable

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33
Q

A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that

A

two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable

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34
Q

Which of the following best represents an example of technology?a) figuring out what mountain gorillas eatb) sequencing the human genomec) testing for genetic diseasesd) comparing the structure of a human and gorilla arme) identifying the cause of new contagious disease

A

testing for genetic diseases

35
Q

Added to water in some communities to reduce tooth decay

A

fluoride

36
Q

commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation of goiters

A

iodine

37
Q

contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio

A

compound

38
Q

the nucleus of an atom contains

A

protons and neutrons

39
Q

electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that

A

insects fly around a bright lamp at night

40
Q

the sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and twelve neutrons. What is the mass number of sodium

A

23 (electrons + neutrons)

41
Q

the atomic number is

A

the number of protons in the atom

42
Q

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

A

have more than seven neutrons

43
Q

can be use in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose a patient

A

radioactive isotopes

44
Q

When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and the outermost shell contains _____________ electrons

A

2 and 8

45
Q

The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the

A

greater its energy

46
Q

forms when two atoms share electrons

A

covalent bond

47
Q

what is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding

A

in covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells, in ionic bonding, one partner captures an electron from the other

48
Q

the oxygen atom of a water molecule

A

is more electronegative than the hdrogen atoms

49
Q

What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons

A

12

50
Q

an uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

A

5

51
Q

a hydrogen atom has 1 electron. How many bonds can hydrogen form?

A

1

52
Q

in a water molecule, hydrogen and oxygen are held together by a(n) __________ bond

A

hydrogen

53
Q

water’s surface tension and heat storage capacity is accounted for by its

A

hydrogen bonds

54
Q

the tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

A

cohesion

55
Q

when water dissociates, what is transferred from one water molecule to form a hydronium ion?

A

OH-

56
Q

Why is biology important to me?

A

Biology is very important as it strives to tell us about the natural world around us. Biology can tell us about the physical makeup of our bodies, which enables us to develop cures and treatments for many diseases. It can also tell us about the bodies of other animals so we can provide clinical treatments for pets and farm animals.

Biology can also tell us about plants and how they can be beneficial to our bodies. Biology has given us ways to classify different animals and helps us to understand what they [animals] do to help and hurt our planet. Biology can help us know more about the organisms in our bodies. It can also tell us why humans and animals act the way they do. These are just a few reasons why biology is important.

57
Q

a water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by

A

a single covalent bond

58
Q

weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

59
Q

the substance that is dissolved in a solution

A

a solute

60
Q

donate OH- ions to solutions

A

bases

61
Q

a solution with a pH of 7 is

A

neutral

62
Q

a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body

A

buffer

63
Q

What can each of us do to decrease the production of acid precipitation? We can

a) drive more fuel-efficient automobiles
b) decrease our consumption of coal-generated electricity
c) encourage the use of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy
d) whenever possible, walk or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car
e) all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation

A

all of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation

64
Q

living organisms are composed of about ____ chemical elemments

A

25

65
Q

how many naturally occuring elements are there

A

92

66
Q

the four main elements of the body

name them and tell the percentage

A

CHON
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen
96.3%

67
Q

How much sodium do we need?

A

0.2

68
Q

are essential in minute quantities for proper biological functioning

A

trace elements

69
Q

smallest unit of an element

A

atom

70
Q

occupy the central region (nucleus) of an atom

A

protons and nuetrons

71
Q

has a single positive charge

A

proton

72
Q

electrically neutral

A

neutron

73
Q

surrounds the nucleus

A

electrons

74
Q

single negative charge

A

electron

75
Q

number of protons; defines the element’s unique properties

A

atomic number

76
Q

an atoms mass number; is the sum of its protons and neutrons

A

atomic mass

77
Q

atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses (different number of neutrons)

A

isotopes

78
Q

two major types of chemical bonds between atoms form compounds

A

ionic and covalent bonds

79
Q

occurs in many biologically important compounds (water, DNA, proteins)

A

hydrogen bonding

80
Q

explain why ice is less dense than liquid water

A

because it has fewer molecules in the same volume

81
Q

the solvent of life

A

water

82
Q

a compound that releases H+ ions in a solution is an

A

acid

83
Q

a compound that accepts H+ ions in a solution is a

A

base

84
Q

how is acidity measured on a pH scale?

A

from 0-14
0 most acidic
14 most basic

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