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aBeka Book American Government > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the right of the court to review the ruling of a lower court

A

Appellate jurisdiction

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2
Q

The highest court in the land

A

United States Supreme Court

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3
Q

serves to remind the justices on the Supreme Court that differences of opinion do not preclude harmony of purpose

A

conference handshake

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4
Q

The final state of the Supreme Court’s decision-making process

A

Opinion Day

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5
Q

armed citizenry

A

militia

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6
Q

a written statement issued by a judge which gives a law officer the legal right to search for a particular thing in a specific place

A

warrant

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7
Q

a lawyer’s written argument

A

brief

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8
Q

a request that a higher court review the case records and verdict of the lower court

A

appeal

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9
Q

assembled to examine evidence to determine whether there is sufficient evidence against the accused to try a case

A

grand jury

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10
Q

assembled to hear a case in court and to issue a verdict

A

trial jury

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11
Q

material presented as proof at a trial

A

evidence

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12
Q

past decisions involving similar cases

A

precedent

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13
Q

states that evidence obtained illegally is not admissible in court

A

Exclusionary Rule

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14
Q

the power to decide whether or not to hear a case

A

discretionary review

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15
Q

the idea that the Supreme Court should go beyond the Constitution to change societal behavior

A

judicial activism

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16
Q

the idea that the Supreme Court should interpret and apply the Constitution according to the original understanding of those who wrote and ratified it

A

judicial restraint

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17
Q

What kind of courts are created by Congress under the authority given it in Article III?

A

constitutional courts

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18
Q

What word refers to the right of a court to hear and decide a case?

A

jurisdiction

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19
Q

What professional interest group has the most influence on the President regarding his choice of a federal judge?

A

American Bar Association

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20
Q

How many justices currently serve on the Supreme Court?

A

nine

21
Q

What case asserted for the Supreme Court the right of judicial review?

A

Marbury v. Madison

22
Q

Who was the Chief Justice that ruled in the previously mentioned case?

A

John Marshall

23
Q

What term describes a statement of an individual citizen’s legal privileges?

A

bill of rights

24
Q

Who are the chief decision makers of the federal judiciary?

A

judges

25
Q

an official examination of available evidence in a court of law

A

trial

26
Q

What is the most active of the federal judiciary courts?

A

United States District Courts

27
Q

describes the right of the Supreme Court to declare a law, or an action based upon that law, unconstitutional?

A

judicial review

28
Q

refers to a petition for the Supreme Court to hear a case

A

writ of certiorari

29
Q

What kind of briefs are filed by individuals who are not parties in a particular case but still have an interest in the case’s outcome?

A

amicus curiae

30
Q

Name three types of judicial opinions issued by the Supreme Court.

A

dissenting opinion, unanimous opinion, majority opinion

31
Q

Under which Chief Justice did the Supreme Court adopt the philosophy of judicial activism?

A

Earl Warren

32
Q

What case regarding abortion illustrated radical judicial activism?

A

Roe. v. Wade

33
Q

Name three documents that formed a background for the Bill of Rights.

A

Massachusetts Body of Liberties, Virginia Declaration of Rights, English Bill of Rights

34
Q

What word means to Destry a person’s reputation by false writing?

A

libel

35
Q

What law restricted the sale of handguns by requiring a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun?

A

Brady Law

36
Q

Which special military court are members of the armed forces tried in?

A

court-martial

37
Q

a crime so serious that it is punishable by death

A

capital crime

38
Q

guarantees the right to keep and bear arms

A

Amendment 2

39
Q

a person will not be forced to testify against himself in court

A

Amendment 5

40
Q

deals with lawsuits filed against states in federal courts

A

Amendment 11

41
Q

prohibits excessive punishments

A

Amendment 8

42
Q

prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes

A

Amendment 3

43
Q

guarantees trial by jury in civil cases

A

Amendment 7

44
Q

the source of federal civil rights legislation

A

Amendment 14

45
Q

reserves the powers not delegated to the national government by the Constitution for the states and the people

A

Amendment 10

46
Q

prohibited alcoholic beverages

A

Amendment 18

47
Q

granted women the right to vote

A

Amendment 19

48
Q

the right to “speedy and public trial”

A

Amendment 6

49
Q

abolished slavery

A

Amendment 13

aBeka Book American Government (19 decks)

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