intro to human body Flashcards
The adult body is made up of approx:
- 37 trillion cells
- 206 bones
- 600 muscles
22 internal organs
Cell Structure
The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living organisms.
Every cell in the human body must be supplied with
•OXYGEN - essential for efficient metabolism
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•NUTRITION - carbohydrates, fats & protein plus vitamins and minerals
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•WATER - the medium for all chemical activity within the body.
Body Structure
Cellular
tissue
organ
system
organismal
Tissues - A combination of cells which function together to perform a specialised activity
4 types:
Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
3 Muscle
Epithelium is a tissue made up of
Epithelium is a tissue made up of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body.
Many glands are also formed from epithelial tissue.
In humans, epithelium is classified as a primary body tissue
Connective tissue
Protects and supports the body & organs.
Connective tissue proper includes the following five types:
- Loose connective
- Dense connective
- Elastic
- Reticular
Adipose.
Tissue - Nervous
Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system.
It is composed of neurons, which transmit impulses, and the neuroglia, which assist propagation of the nerve impulse as well as provide nutrients to the neuron
Tissue – Muscle – 3 Types
- Skeletal muscle or “voluntary muscle”
- Smooth muscle or “involuntary muscle” is found within the walls of organs, it is not under conscious control.
- Cardiac muscle is also an “involuntary muscle” but is more akin in structure to skeletal muscle, and is found only in the heart.
Organs
In biology and anatomy, an organ is a tissue that performs a specific function or group of functions within an organism.
Major organ systems
- Circulatory
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Excretory
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
- Musculoskeletal
Anatomical Directional Terms
Anterior: In front of, front
Posterior: After, behind, following, toward the rear
Distal: Away from, furthest from the point of attachment
Proximal: Near, closer to the point of attachment
Dorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the back
Ventral: Toward the front
Superior: Above, over
Anatomical Directional Terms
Inferior: Below, under
Lateral: Toward the side, away from the mid-line
Medial: Toward the mid-line, middle, away from the side
Caudal: Toward the tail
External: Outside of, Outer
Internal: Inside of, Inner
The body has three main cavities
1.The Head (Cephalic)
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2.The Chest (Thoracic)
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3.Abdominal & Pelvic (Abdominopelvic)
Facial bones
