Technician Drugs general questions

Question 1

Oxygen

Answer 1

Contra indication. Explosive environments

Question 2

Rights of drugs administration

Answer 2

Right patient Right presentation Right Date Right drug Right dose Right route Right time Right reaction Right documentation

Question 3

Salbutamol

Answer 3

Dose 2.5mg in 2.5mls Presentation exacerbation copd Expiratory wheeze Upper respiratory

Question 4

Adrenaline 1:1000 Aspirin Glyceryl Trinitrate Glucagon Glucose Oral Gel Salbutamol Atrovent Narcan Paracetamol Suspension

Question 5

Aspirin

Answer 5

•Has an anti-platelet action which reduces clot formation

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•Analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory

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•Used for adults with clinical or ECG evidence of myocardial infarction or ischaemia

Question 6

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Answer 6

A potent vasodilator resulting in:

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•Dilation of coronary arteries/relief of coronary spasm

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•Dilation of systemic veins reulting in lowered pre-load

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•Reduced blood pressure

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•Indicated for cardiac chest pain and acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Question 7

Salbutamol

Answer 7

Indications

•Acute asthma when normal inhaler therapy has failed to relieve symptoms

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•Expiratory wheezing associated with allergy, anaphylaxis, other lower airway cause

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•Exacerbation of COPD

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•Shortness of breath due to LVF

Question 8

Glucagon

Answer 8

•Glucagon is a hormone that induces conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver, thereby raising the blood glucose level

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•Indicated for use in hypoglycaemia where blood glucose <4.0 mml/l or if hypoglycaemia suspected and oral glucose administration is not possible

Question 9

Glucogel (Hypostop, Glucose 40% Gel)

Answer 9

•Rapid absorption through the buccal mucosa resulting in a rapid increase in blood glucose levels.

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•Indicated in hypoglycaemia in a patient with sufficient level of consciousness for there to be no risk of choking or aspiration

Question 10

Narcan (Naloxone Hydrochloride

Answer 10

Indications

•Respiratory depression, depression of cardiovascular system and central nervous system depression associated with opioid overdose

Question 11

Paracetamol

Answer 11

•Analgesic (pain relieving) and antipyretic (temperature reducing) drug.

•

•Indicated for relief of mild to moderate pain and/or high temperature

Question 12

Ibuprofen

Answer 12

•Analgesic (pain relieving), antipyretic (temperature reducing) and anti-inflammatory (soft tissue injury) drug.

NSAIDS suppress pain, swelling and increased blood flow associated with inflammation

Question 13

Nerve Agent Antidote Kit

Answer 13

•Organophosphate poisoning

Syringe 2

600mg Pralidoxime Chloride

Syringe 1

2mg Atropine Sulphate

Question 14

Define the term Pharmacology

Answer 14

Pharmacology the science of the nature and preparation of drugs and particularly of their effects on the body. (Bailliere’s Nurse’s Dictionary 23rd ed.)

Question 15

Drug Routes

Answer 15

The drug route used affects it’s time of onset

•

•

–Transdermal

–Oral

–Buccal/Sublingual

–Rectal (PR)

–Intramuscular/Subcutaneous

–Inhaled/nebulised

–Intranasal

–Intravenous

–Intraosseous

Question 16

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 16

•what the body does to drugs

•

Question 17

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 17

– what drugs do to the body

Question 18

•Pharmacokinetics = what the body does to drugs

•

•It examines whether a drug is getting to its site of action through the processes of:

Answer 18

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Excretion

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

Whatever the route of administration, a drug must be absorbed across different cell membranes

Question 20

Distribution

Answer 20

3 levels of distribution

. Blood. Total Body Water

. Extracellular Space

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

Most drugs are rendered inactive by metabolism which occurs, primarily, in the liver

Question 22

Excretion

Answer 22

•Most excretion occurs through the kidneys

•

•Certain drugs are removed through other systems – lungs, alimentary canal, exocrine glands

Question 23

4 main sites of drug action

Answer 23

1.Receptors (α, β, μ etc…)

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2.Enzymes

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3.Ion Channels

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4.Carriers

Question 24

Receptors

Answer 24

• “Lock and Key”
• Drugs can be the same chemical shape as naturally occurring ligands
• They can act in three ways:

•

1.Agonist

Binds to receptors and produces an effect

2.Antagonist

Binds to receptors and stops an effect

3.Partial Agonist

Binds to receptors and produces a partial effect, but stops the binding of a “full agonist”