Biological bases and memory 5 Flashcards
a unitary model of memory
-input-encoding- storage- retrieval- output
=forgetting
Atkinson and shiffrin’s (1971)
=multi-store model of memory
sensory memory- short term memory - rehearsal or retrieval - long term memory
=forgetting
the stage theory of memory
short term memory
long-term memory
short term memory
- limited capacity (7+_2)
- rapid forgetting
long term memory
- massive capacity
- very slow/no forgetting
the serial position effect
15 words with immediate recall
predicted recall performance
actual recall performance- primacy =LTM and receny= STM
further evidence for the existence of two memory system
differential manipulation of primacy and recency effect
neuropsychological evidence
medial temporal lobe damage
- produces dense anterograde amnesia (LTM) with intact STM
H.M (1926-2008)
patient with medial temporal lobe damage
Atkinson and Shiffrin model
rehearsal is crucial for transfer of information into LTM
Craik and Watkin (1973)
= maintenance rehearsal
instructions: hold G words in memory until next one occurs and then hold that one
daughter, oil, garden , gain , table , football anchor, giraffe, pillow, thunder
Baddely and Hitch (1974)
if short term memory is unitary then information processing should always be limited at 7+_ 2
primary task:
-16 word list for immediate recall= auditory presentation
supplementary task:
recall either 3 or 6 digits =visual presentations
Baddely and Hitch (1974)
Results/findings
- argued that the picture of STM provided by the multi-store model= too simple.
- according to multi store model - STM holds limited amounts of information for SHORT periods of time with little processing,
- it is unitary system
- means it is single system without subsystems
they proposed 3 components in working memory (STM)
- central executive = in command
- visospatial sketchpad = inner eye
- phonological loop = inner ear/voice
Ma te al (2014)
= are working memory limits a capacity/ processing problem?
- if items slot- into a fixed capacity working memory then item number - should not DECREASE ACCURACY of response
