Biological bases and memory 6 Flashcards
stein and Bransford (19`79)
= long term memory: what influence encoding?
given:
- base sequence
- base and congruent idea
- base and elaboration
- 91% if meaningful elaboration, 49 of not
(%) recall: 42 22 74 58
stein and Bransford
=results/finding
elaborative (looking at meaning) rehearsal enhances encoding in LTM.
elaborative rehearsal enhances encoding in LTM
the process by which the subject organise and relates new information to material that is already held in LTM.
contrasts with MAINTENANCE rehearsal
related to DEPTH OF PROCESSING
depth of processing
- shallow (sound and shape)
- deep= meaning
Craik and Tulving (1975)
= depth of processing
words recalled for performance
- case
- rhyme
- semantics
Bransford and Johnson (1972)
- half group sees the information
- rate passage on scale 1-7 (7 highest)
Bransford and Johnson (1972)
results/findings
informed group mean rating = 4.5 / remembered= 32%
uninformed group = 2.8/ remembered = 13%
ELABORATIVE encoding improves comprehension/memory
Palermo and Jenkins (1964)
a semantic network (nodes should add to 1)
-given word produced on average 86 different associations
LTM- information organised into semantic networks
how to improve knowledge using memory
- visual imagery (2 words together)
- method of loci
- use of encoding retrieval context
the method of loci
items remembered are visualized in specific /well know places.
Dresler et al (2017)
=effect of method of loci training on 72 word list
mnemonic training ( best performance) active control passive control
Godden and Baddely (1975)
=encoding -retrieval context
looking at peoples performance and how context affect them
recall:
- above water
- under water
H.M
had anterograde amnesia
had retrograde amnesia
both occur together/separately
Anterograde amnesia
memory poor for information after injury
retrograde amnesia
normal memory for remote events (childhoods)
can remember certain periods ( e.g.. H.M 5 years ago memories before injury)
