Biological bases and memory 7

Question 1

Butter and Albert (1982)

=how to test retrograde amnesia

Answer 1

the famous face test

• intact remote memory ( very old memory )
• temporally graded retrograde amnesia - depends how far back in time it was.

Question 2

episodic memory

Answer 2

disruption to temporal lobe amnesia

occurs in certain time/place or object/people

Question 3

semantic memory (meaning)

Answer 3

relatively intact

e.g. capital of NZ

Question 4

Kensiger et al (2001)

Answer 4

H.M presented with number of scenarios

Question 5

Skill learning

Answer 5

intact

=mirror drawing task (adapted Milner 1964)

Question 6

priming

-procedure done on healthy individual

Answer 6

tested= WORDS FRAGEMENT COMPLETION

later presented - word fragment
H_R_

PRIMING is spared in temporal lobe amnesia. even though people don’t EXPLICITLY remember seeing the priming word, their nervous system has been IMPLICITLY affected by it

Question 7

habits

Answer 7

intact in temporal lobe amnesia

Question 8

what do the insomnia findings suggest about memory organisation?

Answer 8

memory
-implicit memory- procedural 
=skills, priming, habit (behavioural) 
-explicit memory -declarative 
=episodic, semantic - temporal lobe affects this part

Question 9

Trace delay

Answer 9

• cessation of neural firing (STM)

- weakening synapses (LTM)

Question 10

interference

Answer 10

• retroactive interference

- positive interference

Question 11

retroactive interference

Answer 11

new learning interferes with old

Question 12

positive interference

Answer 12

old learning interferes with new

Question 13

Baddely and Hitch (1977)

=forgetting due to interference

Answer 13

fit to ordered of games played=-.42

fit to time since games played=0.04

Question 14

blocking/ retrieval failure

Answer 14

feeling of knowing/tip of tongue

Question 15

absentmindness

Answer 15

result of shallow encoding of events usually due to failure to pay attention.

Question 16

memory persistence -memory of traumatic events

Answer 16

three symptoms cluster after an event that elicited fear, helplessness, horror
= post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 17

symptom 1

Answer 17

avoidance symptoms, including loss of interest in social situations + emotional detachment

Question 18

symptom 2

Answer 18

psychophysiological reactivity in response to trauma-related stimuli, including exaggerated startle, hypervilance, elevated perspiration and shortness of breath

Question 19

symptom 3

Answer 19

re-experiencing the traumatic event through intrusive thoughts, nightmares, flashbacks and related phenomena that are produced by reminders of the traumatic event

Question 20

most cases memory of a traumatic event is enhanced

Answer 20

• arousal attention

- enhanced memory

Question 21

memory distortion= bias

Answer 21

reconstruction of automobile deconstruction

-short film on traffic accident

Question 22

Loftus and Palmer (1974)

Answer 22

-how fast the cars going when they HIT each other?
-how fast were the cars going when they SMASHED INTO each other?
when if asked- seen broken glass- people agreed when there were no broken glass at all

Question 23

memory distortion= suggestibility

Answer 23

altering memory because of misleading information

develops false memories

Question 24

wade et al (2002)

Answer 24

no one was suspicious of the photographs

Question 25

reconsolidation

Answer 25

learning-consolidation- retrieval- reconsolidation-altered memory

Question 26

memory

Answer 26

reconstructive process- builds on previous and current knowledge